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Volume 31, Issue 1
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Y KURAZUMI, T HORIKOSHI, T TSUCHIKAWA, N MATSUBARA1994 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 5-29
Published: April 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the body surface area of Japanese young adults. There were 45 Japanese young adults measured, the body surface being divided into surface anatomical regions. Measurements were conducted by covering the body with small pieces of inelastic adhesive tape. The followings are the results of this paper: 1) There was a significant difference observed between male and female regarding partial rate of body surface area, as well as a significant difference in relation to body forms. 2) Partial rates of body surface area differed significantly from the measurements found in the studies made by DuBois, Takahira and Fujimoto · Watanabe. 3) Single component calculation formula of body surface area, considering either height (H) or weight (W), gave a higher rate of error as compared with the Height-Weight formula. 4) The body surface area, if calculated using the formula S=100.315W0.383H0.693 (a formula set by the authors), was found out to be close to the actual measured surface area. This formula is the most suitable for a wide variety of subjects. The authors' recommendation is to modify the DuBois Height-Weight formula to 5=72.18W0.425H0.725, changing only the value of the constant. This formula is also suitable for a wide variation of subjects.View full abstractDownload PDF (2202K) -
H KAWANA, K NONAKA, T MIURA1994 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 31-36
Published: April 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined several data sources of biographic, family and hospital records to investigate seasonality of births in Korea and Japan during the 18th-20th centuries. It is well-known that the Japanese had an early spring peak of births during the first half of the 20th century. During the 17th-18th centuries, however, the Japanese showed two peaks of births in spring and autumn. The early spring peak (accompanied with an early summer trough) was prominent in Japan only from the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, in which period the pattern was also observed in Korea, but only to a lesser extent. In Korea, the tendency still remained, or was rather augumented even in the 1970s, while it has virtually disappeared since the 1960s in Japan. Because it is believed the lifestyle of both countries has changed, despite of a time lag, toward a similar “deseasonalized” status, the recent difference in birth seasonalities in Korea and Japan would be derived from causes other than direct meteorological or socio-economical variables having caused the deseasonalization in both countries.View full abstractDownload PDF (788K) -
M TANABE, M HIRASHITA, A HIRAI, T NAGASAKA1994 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 37-44
Published: April 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn healthy male subjects, skin temperature, sweat rate, and skin blood flow of the face were measured in a warm climate of 40°C-50% (rh) . The subjects sat on a chair fixed on a tilting table. Twenty min after their esophageal (Tes) and tympanic (Tty) temperatures reached steady states, the subjects were tilted to a supine sitting position and maintained for 20 min. After this period, they were returned to the former upright sitting position for another 20 min. In the supine sitting position, Tes, Tty and heart rate decreased but blood pressure did not change. Forehead skin temperature and skin blood flow, measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry, increased but sweat rate of the forehead decreased in the supine sitting position. After the body posture was returned to the upright sitting position, all these parameters returned to the previous levels. The reduction of sweat rate of the face may be explained by an inhibition of sweat gland activity by the so-called skin pressure reflex, which may contribute to the reduction of efficiency of the selective brain cooling in supine subjects.View full abstractDownload PDF (864K)
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