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Volume 32, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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T OHNO, K OGAWA, H OHINATA, A KUROSHIMA1995 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 83-91
Published: August 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is a major site of enhanced nonshivering thermogenesis during cold acclimation. Cold acclimation is suggested to enhance BAT function through changes in its fatty acid (FA) compositions. Noradrenaline and glucagon have been shown to be involved in the regulation of BAT function. Subsequently, we studied the effects of chronic administration of noradrenaline and glucagon on FA compositions in triglyceride (TC) and phospholipid (PI.) fractions of rat interscapular BAT. 1. Both noradrenaline and glucagon suppressed the increase in the body weight, while increased the weight and DNA content of BAT. Noradrenaline decreased TG level (mg/100 mg) and content (mg/pad), and increased PL content but not its level. Glucagon increased TG content, but not its level. PL was not changed by glucagon. 2. FA in TG of BAT: Noradrenaline increased polyunsaturated FA (PU), while decreased monounsaturated FA (MU) . Glucagon increased saturated FA (SA), while decreased PU. 3. FA in PL of BAT: Noradrenaline increased PU, while decreased MU and arachidonate index. Glucagon did not influence FA compositions and all the indexes calculated in the present study. The results indicated that noradrenaline or glucagon could not thoroughly simulate the changes in FA compositions of BAT during cold acclimation, suggesting a participation of multiple factors in the changes in FA of BAT induced by cold acclimation.View full abstractDownload PDF (966K) -
K OKAMOTO, S TANIMOTO1995 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 93-101
Published: August 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe greenhouse effect cools stratosphere. This affects ozone depletion, of which there are two types. In one of them substances are all in gas phase. Processes belong to homogeneous chemistry and are suppressed at low temperatures. In the other they are in mixed phases and processes belong to heterogeneous chemistry. Their temperature dependence is complicated, but in the type initiated by PSC (polar stratospheric cloud) stratospheric cooling increases PSC formation rate and enhances ozone depletion. The final result of the greenhouse effect is not clear, but probably enhances ozone depletion. Using data of ozone depletion increases in skin cancers by resultant increase of ultraviolet radiations (UV) are estimated between 1970 and 2000. The UV increase could also promote acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) either by decrease of immunoresistance or by direct activation of human immunodeficiency virus. Epidemiological investigations are made, and it is found that AIDS prevalence is higher at lower latitudes and at similar latitudes it is higher in Caucasian countries than in non-Caucasian countries, suggesting that AIDS is promoted by UV. Then UV increase expected in future might cause the global increase of AIDS.View full abstractDownload PDF (1066K) -
K TSUZUKI-HAYAKAWA, T OHNAKA, Y TOCHIHARA, S KATO1995 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 103-109
Published: August 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to investigate the variation in comfort levels and thermal responses of children and mothers in the same environment. Thirteen mothers (ages 25-39) along with their young children (ages 9 months-4.5 years) served as summertime subjects for these tests. The test room temperature setting was initialized at 25°C and was thereafter continually increased or decreased in increments of 0.4°C every minute. The direction of change was controllable by the mother who, by operating a switch, could achieve thermal comfort for herself and her children. Mean skin temperature and rectal temperature were recorded continuously during the experiment. The three air temperature readings, as determined by the mothers in the present study, were compared against those set by young women in general (Ohnaka et al. 1993) and while no significant differences were noted in the preferred temperature data, the maximum and minimum air temperatures determined by the mothers were, on the other hand, significantly lower and higher respectively.These results suggest that the preferred temperature determined by the mothers was controlled within a narrow temperature range. There were no significant differences between the mothers and children in both mean skin temperature and rectal temperature when, as in this case, the mothers determined the maximum and minimum air temperature. However, a change in ambient air temperature did promote a faster response in the mean skin temperature for the children than for the mothers, which suggests that the children are more sensitive to surrounding this thermal relationship than do the mothers, even in a thermoneutral zone.View full abstractDownload PDF (867K) -
K TAMURA, M ONO, M ANDO, M MURAKAMI1995 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 111-114
Published: August 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied relationship between the raise of atmospheric temperature and the incidence of heatstroke by means of the number of cases transported by ambulance in Tokyo. The subjects of this study were determined from the database of emergency transportation record of the Tokyo Fire Department, and there were 130, 560 transported cases including 386 heatstroke cases in July and August in 1993 and 1994. A significant positive correlation was found between maximum or average daily temperature and the daily number of heatstroke cases above a certain temperature, and slightly significant positive correlation was also found between the temperature and the number of all causes. The daily average number of transported cases by 1°C intervals showed that the heatstroke cases increased exponentially with average temperature above 24°C or with maximum temperature above 27°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K)
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