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Volume 35, Issue 4
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Y KURAZUMI, N MATSUBARA, N FURUKAWA, M FUJIMURA, A UE, Y UEKI, H NAGAI ...1998 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 121-132
Published: December 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to develop a thermal physiological index that can account for the effects of local thermal environment and the way of dwelling. To evaluate thermal environment, the new weighting coefficients for calculating the mean skin temperature were developed, based on the contacted anatomical surface region and the contacted surface area ratio. The indexes in this paper can be used to evaluate the both effects of heat conduction and posture on the skin temperature. Eight different postures were used in this measurement, including standing, sedentary, sitting upright, sitting with legs crossed, sitting with legs sideways, sitting with knees drawn up, sitting with legs stretched and lateral decubitus. For each posture, the contacted surface area and the anatomical region between a floor and the subject's body were measured. The measurements were carried out for body surfaces in all thirteen anatomical regions. The subjects included fifteen females, whose body types ranged from asthenic to obese. For several regions, there have been significant differences in the contacted surface area ratios among the different body types. In particular, the contacted surface area ratios for the buttock and thigh in the sitting posture and for the trunk and upper arm in the decubitus posture. The new weighting coefficients for calculating the mean skin temperature in females based on the DuBois regional body surface area ratios were defined for each posture, respectively. Combining the results for females with the results for males previously obtained by Kurazumi et al. (1997), the new Japanese weighting coefficients for calculating the mean skin temperature based on Japanese regional body surface area ratios were defined for each posture, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1279K) -
T AOKI, A MIZUTANI, C SUTO1998 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 133-144
Published: December 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo examine the influence of floor levels on the distribution of house dust mites in two high-rise residential buildings (a 7-story building in Nagoya, A; and an 11-story building in Toyota; B), mite survey was conducted from June to October 1996. In Building A, indoor climate was measured in one of rooms on each floor from December 30, 1996 to January 4, 1997, when all the residents were absent. The mite faunas found in the two buildings were much similar to each other; Dermatophagoides consisted of about 80 % of the mites detected and D. farinae predominated D. pteronyssinus at a ratio of approximately 5: 1. It was a sharp contrast to the ratio of 1: 1 found in our previous survey carried out in 1983-1984. D. farinae distributed almost eqaully regardless of the floor levels. On the contrary, the numbers of D. pteronyssinus, non-Pyroglyphidae and eggs of Pyroglyphidae had a tendency to decrease with the floor levels. The indoor temperature was lowered by wind, but not so greatly affected by rain, nor by the floor levels. Whereas, relative humidity in the rooms on high-floor was lower and affected more intensely with the change of outdoor weather; raised by rain and lowered by wind, than in the low floor rooms. These results suggested that indoor humidity decreased with the floor levels and became unfavorable for the growth and development of mites having high humidity requirements such as D. pteronyssinus. Having relatively low humidity requirements, D. farinae could stand the decrease of humidity in the high floors. Thus, the difference in the distribution of D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus by floor level in the high-rise buildings was considered to be mainly due to an interaction between the humidity conditions in rooms affected by the floor levels and the ecological characteristics of mites, especially humidity requirements.View full abstractDownload PDF (2952K) -
T. IWASAKI1998 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 145-152
Published: December 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCentenarians are considered “healthy elite” in terms of having a healthy life style. In order to survey from the standpoints of medical climatology and geography on health, in compliance with the “National long-lived persons register of names by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, ” their distribution was first studied by plotting on a map of Japan. The residential distribution of centenarians was analysed also in relation to climatic regions, based on air temperature, vegetation, and so on. The 9 climatic regions in Japan, consisting of the Hokkaido, the Japan Sea side, the Pacific Ocean side the Sanriku district, the Tokai district, the Nairiku inland district, the Seto Inland Sea district, the Northern Kyushu district, the Nankai district and the south-western Islands. According to the above mentioned register of 1, 349 names, released in 1980, the climate of the “Seto Inland Sea district”, which was observed the largest numbers of 375 persons, 27.8% in all centenarians and 1.69 persons per 100, 000 population, appears to be remarkable. The region has a climate with warm air temperature, high amount of sunshine hours, an abundance of marine and cereal products, high products and a favourable economic situation. All of these result in practically development of the principles of the geography of health.View full abstractDownload PDF (4630K) -
Akio TSUCHIYA, Akihiko NAEMURA1998 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 153-163
Published: December 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined the relationship between the decline of red pine (Pinus densiflora) forests peculiar to the middle slope of inland basins and the appearance of a cold air lake in Saijo Basin, Hiroshima. From comparisons between the inside and the outside of the basin, and between the mountainridge and middle slope, it was found that the mortality of red pine trees was the highest in the middle slope (260 to 280 m a.s.l.), and the thickening growth was severely suppressed during the few years before death. Vertical profiles of temperature and relative humidity measured by a captive balloon indicated that the surface inversion layer, which was created by radiative cooling during the night, covered almost the whole basin up to 500 m a.s.l. However, the cold air lake appearing below 290 m contained especially low temperature and high humidity air. A nitrogen dioxide (NO2) level higher than 20 ppb/24 hours was recorded in the upper half (230 to 290 m a.s.l.) of the cold air lake. Acidic matter originating from NO2 can cause a stress for red pines under these meteorological conditions. The results suggest that the zonal forest decline within the basin is caused not only by nematode but also by the high NO2 layer created by the cold air lake.View full abstractDownload PDF (3444K)
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