JAPANESE JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY
Online ISSN : 1347-7617
Print ISSN : 0389-1313
ISSN-L : 0389-1313
Search
Advanced search
OR
Browse
Search
Volume 40, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
Show all abstracts
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
Original Article
  • The posture and effective thermal convection area factor of the human body
    Yoshihito Kurazumi, Tadahiro Tsuchikawa, Yoshiaki Yamato, Kouichirou K ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2003 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 3-13
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.40.3
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    When estimating heat exchange by convection, it is important to be able to determine the total body surface area and the area of heat transmission involved in convective heat exchange. However, actual data for heat transmission areas involved in convective heat exchange of the human body have yet to be clarified. In the present study, the heat transmission area involved in convective heat exchange of the human body is defined as an effective thermal convection area factor, which is then measured for the nine common body postures: standing, sitting on a chair, sitting upright, sitting with legs crossed, sitting with legs sideways, sitting with knees drawn up, sitting with legs stretched out, lateral decubitus, and supine decubitus. An aqueous solution colored with a water-based acrylic paint was sprayed onto the body surface in a grained texture using an air brush. The area of the body surface not covered by the paint was measured as the non-convective area by affixing surgical tape and calculating the area of the tape applied. For the naked human body, the effective thermal convection area factor while standing was 0.92, sitting on a chair 0.83, sitting upright 0.79, sitting with legs crossed 0.83, sitting with legs sideways 0.81, sitting with knees drawn up 0.89, sitting with legs stretched out 0.90, lateral decubitus 0.87, and supine decubitus 0.86. The effective thermal convection area factor for all body postures was greater than the previously reported effective thermal radiation area factors, and less than 1.0 in all cases. These findings clarify that the effective thermal convection area factor of the human body is clearly lower than 1.0.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (355K)
  • Study on relationship between mean clothing microclimate and comfort
    Akiko Maeda, Kazuhiko Yamasaki, Yu Tochihara
    Article type: Original Article
    2003 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 15-23
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.40.15
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    We proposed MCM (mean clothing microclimate) as the new thermal evaluation index. It was comprised of two factors, namely MCM-t (mean clothing microclimate temperature) and MCM-h (mean clothing microclimate humidity). The purpose of present study was to evaluate the relationship between MCM and subjective sensations. Subjects were 9 healthy adult females. The clo values were 0.89 for winter condition and 0.23 for summer one. At first, subjects stayed in the anteroom (winter: 20°C 50%RH, summer: 28°C 50%RH) for 20 minutes. Next, subjects moved into the exposure room which controlled at −3~+3°C, and −20%RH~+30%RH, kept rest for 60 minutes and performed step test (RMR:1.2) for 10 minutes. The MCM was more sensitive than the mean skin temperature in order to assess the thermal stress. In winter and summer conditions, the MCM-t (MCM-h) values for thermal comfort were 29.7±1.4°C (39.9±7.6%) and 33.0±0.7 °C (37.0±9.3%), respectively. The mean skin temperatures did not show significant changes.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1030K)
Review
Symposium on “Noble relation between plants and human beings”
  • Chairman's Coment
    Sadao Yamaoka
    Article type: scientific monograph
    2003 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 35
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.40.35
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (84K)
  • Studies on emission and dispersion processes for airborne cedar pollen
    Shigeto Kawashima
    Article type: Symposium
    2003 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 37-47
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.40.37
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The pollinosis of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) occurs in early spring. In recent years, the number of patients is increasing rapidly, and the disease is becoming a serious social problem. Information about airborne pollen from televisions and newspapers is, however, inadequate. In Japan, a dense meteorological observation network is employed for real-time monitoring of surface weather on 24-hour basis. Spatial distribution of vegetation was surveyed in detail. Also, in response to the social problem of pollen allergy, several organizations began monitoring airborne pollen systematically, and sampled data are accumulating. It is important to unite these data, and to produce a detailed pollen information. Although many studies report transport and dispersion of pollen, little has been done using simulation methods to evaluate pollen dispersion. In this paper, I showed relationship between a meteorological condition and amount of airborne cedar pollen, and a method to estimate the detailed mesoscale distribution of airborne pollen of Japanese cedar by synthesizing meteorological data and cedar map using simulation method.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (850K)
  • Allelopathy, interaction between plant and other lives in ecosystems through bioactive natural chemicals, especially interaction by volatile chemicals emitted from plants.
    Yoshiharu Fujii, Michiko Hamano
    Article type: Symposium
    2003 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 49-54
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.40.49
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Allelopathy is a phenomenon that allelochemicals (natural products produced by plants) emitted from plants affect other organisms. There are several route of action in allelopathy, and here we focus on the action through volatile allelochemicals. 1) We developed a method to identify volatile allelochemicals using GC-MS and tested volatile allelochemicals from crops, grasses and trees. 2) We developed an assessment method for volatile allelochemicals and named “Dish Pack Method”. Using this method, we have isolated methylisothiocyanate as a potent volatile allelochemical form Creome spinosa. We are now doing a cooperative work for the isolation and utilization of allelopathy from forest products.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (311K)
  • Nature and Comfort
    Yoshifumi Miyazaki
    Article type: Symposium
    2003 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 55-59
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.40.55
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Experience shows that nature provides various types of stimulation while contributing to the increased comfort of our lives. Human beings have been living in the natural environment for 5 million years. If the Industrial Revolution is thought of as urbanization, we have been living in the natural environment over 99.99% of 5 million years. All human physiological functions have evolved in and have adapted to the natural environment. Since we now live in an artificial environment, we are always in a stressful state. The purpose of the paper is to elucidate the effects of various types of natural stimulation on physiological responses. The experiments were conducted in a controlled setting room, using 13 to 15 male students as subjects. Cerebral and autonomic nervous activities were measured by near infrared spectroscopy of the forehead and blood pressure (finger arterial pressure method) respectively. As natural stimulation, the smell of cedar chips, the sounds of a stream by CD and the scenery of a forest in Paris by a large display were used. The results indicated that the smell of cedar chips, the sounds of a stream, and the scenery of a forest caused decreases in brain activity and blood pressure significantly. It was concluded that various stimuli from wood or the forest caused a decrease in brain and sympathetic nervous activities, in other words relaxation. Natural stimulation brings active comfort to our present stress-filled society.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (235K)
  • About Pollinosis
    Hirokazu Yoshida
    Article type: Symposium
    2003 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 61-67
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.40.61
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Pollinosis is a typical disease of allergic rhinitis and is a type I allergy. Pollinosis uses pollen as a cause antigen and no less than 60 different sorts of pollen have so far been reported as antigens. Its main symptoms are sneezing, water nasal mucus, and nasal obstruction. Japanese cedar pollinosis, whose morbidity is increasing gradually, is especially called “national disease”. According to two recent epidemiological investigations made nationwide, the morbidity of Japanese cedar pollinosis reaches about 15% on average, although some regional differences exist. As factors influencing the increase in morbidity, this paper enumerates the increase in the amount of pollen scattering, the enhancing effect of suspended particles, housing conditions, the westernization of eating habits, the unbalance of Th1 and Th2, and so on.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (452K)
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
feedback
 Top