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Volume 43 (2006)
- Issue 4 Pages 117-
- Issue 2 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 43, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Original Article
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Hiroshi Matsuyama, Yuka Horie, Takeki Izumi, Ken Aoki2006 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 67-77
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study clarified the relationship between the thermal sensation and environment such as in situ air temperature, sexual difference, BMI, exercise experiences, climates in the past-to-present habitations, and skin temperatures by observational methods. 334 young examinees who entered Tokyo Metropolitan University in 2003 cooperated with these experiments during the classes of physical education. Interview and questionnaire on individual factors of examinees, taking thermal infrared images of them and meteorological observations were conducted in the gymnasium of the University in the seven days from 18th April to 13th, May 2003.
Thermal neutrality of examinees with exercising wears was about 21∼24°C. It was revealed by the detailed analyses of 54 examinees in the thermal neutrality that the thermal sensation was better correlated with skin temperature on the hand than that on the forehead. Climates of the past-to-present habitations had statistically significant relationship with the thermal sensation in the thermal neutrality. Especially, the annual mean temperature and the annual maximum temperature in the pre-school habitation were found to have strong relationship with the thermal sensation. These results imply that the individual differences of thermal sensation are affected not only by physiological response but also by thermal environment in the past-to-present habitations.
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Juntaro Matsuo, Takashi Murayama, Yutaka Tochihara2006 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 79-89
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate effects of different vertical air temperatures on thermal comfort and mental performance. Temperatures at the upper part and the lower part of the body were controlled independently using a climatic box placed in a climatic chamber. Eight healthy students were exposed to the five conditions where temperature differences between the upper part and lower part were −8°C, −4°C, 0°C, +4°C and +8°C, respectively. There were no differences among the conditions in rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, and whole body thermal sensation. The strongest discomfort vote was observed in the +8°C condition. There were significant correlations between thermal comfort, sleepiness score and between sleepiness score and scores for each mental task. These results suggest that the so-called “cool head warm legs” condition induces thermal comfort, but leads to sleepiness and reduced mental performance.
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Akio Tsuchiya, Seungjin Joo, Takao Horikoshi2006 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 91-101
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate inter-diurnal changes of CO2 production in the soil and the relations to meteorological parameters, leaf mold was input to (1) 80–100 cm, (2) 40–60 cm, and (3) 0–20 cm of a lysimeter, and vertical profiles of soil CO2 concentration (SC), soil water content (SW), and soil temperature (ST) were measured at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm. The SC had an inverse phase of saturation deficit (SD), and the same phase as the difference between soil temperature and air temperature (ST-T). The SC decreased at times of high temperature and low humidity from the afternoon to the evening, and increased at times of low temperature and high humidity from the nighttime to dawn at mainly deep places such as 50 cm and 100 cm. On the other hand, SC at 10 cm of depth increased soon after irrigation, decreased when the water reached the depth, and recovered after the water passed down, then the similar responses occurred at SC30. Soil CO2 fluxes largely changed from −100 to 700 mgCO2/m2/h, depending on the depth of leaf mold and whether it was before or after irrigation. There were times and depths at which the fluxes were downward.
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Akiko Maeda, Kazuhiko Yamasaki, Kayoko Nojiri, Yutaka Tochihara2006 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 103-112
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: September 13, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to observe the thermoregulatory responses while wearing wet clothing. The subjects were eleven healthy adult women. The climatic chamber was controlled at 20, 25, 30°C, and relative humidity was fixed at 80%. The clothing styles were sweat shirts and pants (S), and T-shirts and short pants (T). Five conditions (30S, 30T, 25S, 25T, 20S) were prepared by the above mentioned conditions. The wet conditions of clothing were categorized into three states, namely D (dry state), W1 (damp state) and W2 (soaked state). The mean weight of total clothing in D, W1, W2 were 819, 1238, 2596 g respectively for S, and 356, 501, 759 g respectively for T. The rest and work periods were prepared for each wet condition. The relative metabolic rate of the step test during work period was 2.7. The measurement items were oxygen intake, rectal temperature (Tr), mean skin temperature (Tsk) and subjective sensations. The oxygen intake varied according to the clothing weight and cold stress. Tr decreased gradually in condition of 25T and 20S. Tsk decreased gradually depending on the environmental temperature and decreased remarkably in condition 20S. The main results were as follows: 1) When wet clothing was worn at 30°C, it was possible to minimize the thermal stress by adjusting the clothing style. 2) When wet clothing was worn at or below 25°C, the cold stress might have occurred for light clothing. 3) Whether the clothing condition was dry or wet, Tsk was about 33°C for the neutral thermal sensation. 4) The distinctive feature of wet clothing condition was that Tsk decreased remarkably when the thermal sensation shifted to the “cold” side.
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