JAPANESE JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY
Online ISSN : 1347-7617
Print ISSN : 0389-1313
ISSN-L : 0389-1313
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Volume 47, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Review
  • Thermal Radiation in a Room
    Masaaki Takeuchi
    2010 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 3-12
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.47.3
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In a room, radiative heat transfers are leading part superior to convection or conduction. Radiation heat fluxes are calculated for some cases in an imaginary room; 1) Double-grazed windows, 2) Ceiling and a small part on the floor, 3) A human and enclosing wall. Radiative heat fluxes are greater than heat fluxes conduct through air, and as great as the basal metabolic rate. Cooling rates of hot water bottles prove the superiority of thermal radiation, a bottle painted black cools with twice rate of the bottle covered by aluminum cooking foil. The difference of rates agrees with the predicted value by the radiation theory. Radiometric sensors are expected usefulness and under development, then the theory for everyone is important tool to accomplish reasonable sensors and to accumulate reasonable knowledge.
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Original Articles
  • The outdoor thermal environment in Gokasyou Kondo area, Higashiomi City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan
    Microclimate in the preservation district consisting of groups of traditional houses in summer
    Tsuyoshi Hashimoto, Kazuo Nagano, Jin Ishii, Tetsumi Horikoshi
    2010 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 13-23
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.47.13
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study aims to clarify the climatic characteristic of the historical settlement composed by traditional houses in summer from the view point of environmental design. In 2006, local climatic conditions were observed in Gokasyou Kondo, Higashiomi City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. At this time, this settlement was inhabited by 723 people. The heat island appeared clearly in the daytime and at nights when the wind was weak or calm in the settlement. However, the heat island was not observed in the early morning in spite of calm wind condition. There were air temperature differences between the places at the edge of canals and the places without canals at 14:00 of August 15. However, the cooling effect of the canals was appeared not clearly on the distribution of air temperature and water vapor pressure. The maximum temperature difference between the canal surface and the road surface was observed 32.3°C in the daytime.
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  • Effect of short-wave radiometer position on solar absorptance of clothing materials in outdoor measurements
    Shinichi Watanabe, Tetsumi Horikoshi, Akemi Tomita
    2010 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 25-33
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.47.25
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    Solar absorptance of the clothed human body is an important factor in thermal comfort assessment of outdoor. The objective of this research is to provide information for measuring the solar absorptance of clothing material adequate for outdoor. Combined short and long wave radiometer and pyranometers were used in the measurement. Three plane objects of square, rectangle and person-shaped fabrics having same 0.51 m2 in area were adopted in the measurements. The following findings were obtained through the experiments. In order to obtain the appropriate solar absorptance of the target fabric, the measuring instruments should be placed so that the shortwave radiation reflected from the surroundings of the measuring field does not impinge on the sensors. Otherwise the reflected shortwave radiation from the surroundings should be taken into account properly in the calculation. Solar absorptance of the measuring fabrics is independent of the object shape. The solar absorptances of 100% cotton black and white were 0.67 and 0.21, respectively.
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  • Effects of the ambient humidity on thermoregulatory responses before and after the onset of sweating when wearing the undershirts with different moisture absorption
    Tomoko Ishii, Kozo Hirata
    2010 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 35-44
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.47.35
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this study was to make clear the effects of the different ambient humidity on mean skin temperature while wearing two types of undershirts with different moisture absorption (Polyester (P), Cupro/Polyester (C)). Seven subjects wearing both undershirts participated in the study at an ambient temperature from 26° to 20° and then 35°C over 240 minutes. As a result, difference of mean skin temperature between C and P (C − P) significantly changed 0.49°C toward plus after the onset of sweating in 50% relative humidity (RH), and the effect of heat of sorption was observed (p < 0.05). However, the effect of heat of sorption on mean skin temperature was not observed in 70%RH. Furthermore, when initial ambient humidity rose from 30, 50, and 70%RH to 95%RH at an ambient temperature of 26°C constant, increase of the clothing surface temperature in both materials of P and C was less in the higher initial ambient humidity (p < 0.05). It was suggested that the amount of heat of sorption was diminished with rising initial ambient humidity. These results clearly showed that the changes of mean skin temperature with the heat of sorption were influenced by the level of ambient humidity after the onset of sweating, while wearing the undershirts with different moisture absorption.
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Material
  • Seasonal variation of bone mass indices in elderly man
    Fumiyuki Takehisa
    2010 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 45-56
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11227/seikisho.47.45
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The existence of a seasonal variation of bone mass indices and other variation factors of that variation in an elderly man were studied.
    The subject was only myself. The right calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameter as bone mass indices and body weight were measured weekly, and the number of walks were measured every day, for 7 years from the age of 56 to 63. The measured QUS parameters were the speed of sound (SOS), transmission index (TI) and osteo sono-assessment index (OSI), which was calculated mathematically from both SOS and TI. The correlation of the number of walks, the body weight or global solar radiation to OSI, TI or SOS was examined, and then a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the strength by which global solar radiation, the number of walks and age could predict each QUS parameter. The following results were shown.
    (1) Seasonal variation of QUS parameters were observed, and were associated with the seasonal variation of global solar radiation.
    (2) 65% of the variation of OSI were interpreted by global solar radiation, ageing and the number of walks.
    (3) The independent variables which strongly influenced TI were global solar radiation and ageing. SOS was strongly influenced by the number of walks, but was not influenced by ageing.
    (4) Bone mass indices were found to be significantly associated with global solar radiation and the number of walks, with a time lag of 3 and 5 months, respectively.
    The decreasing of bone mass indices associated with ageing may be suppressed by increasing sunlight exposure and the number of walks.
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