The authors carried out some investigations on the population of soil invertebrates inhabiting in the litter and the soil under the fir (Abies firma), cryptomeria (Cryptomeria japonica), red pine (Pinus densiflora) and the mixed broad leaf (Carpinus and Quercus dominantly) forest in the vicinity of Kyoto, from December 1961 to October 1962. Five plots of square 20 cm were selected from each forest and these plots were divided into vertically litter (A_0) layer, soil surface layer (0〜5 cm in depth) and soil layer (5〜10 cm). The fauna was extracted from each sample by TULLGRBN funnel apparatus. Mollusca, Annelida and Arthropoda were extracted, but the major parts were occupied by Arthropoda, especially, the number of spring-tails (Collembola) and mites (Acarina) was enormous. The population number decreased as in the following order ; the red pine, fir, mixed broad leaf and the cryptomeria forest. The fluctuation in the whole population number was due mainly to that of Collembola and Acarina, and it was minimum in February, thereafter it came to a peak in June, decreased in August, and reached a peak again in October. 70〜85 per cent of the fauna was collected in the litter layer, the remaining decreased with depth of soil. In the macrofauna, Diplopoda, Araneina, Cheriferidae, Protura, Thysanoptera and Lepidoptera were mostly collected from litter layer, Oligochaeta, Chilopoda, Coleoptera, Formicidae and Diptera were collected from both litter and soil layer, but Thysanura was collected from soil layer alone.
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