日本生態学会誌
Online ISSN : 2424-127X
Print ISSN : 0021-5007
ISSN-L : 0021-5007
16 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. App1-
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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  • 山田 達也
    原稿種別: 本文
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. 129-133
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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    The vertical distribution of the freshwater planarians in the Teshio Mountains (the Uryu mountainous district) and its adjacent seaboard district on the Sea of Japan in central and North Hokkaido is reported. The Teshio Mountains are rather low mountains and the highest peak, Mt. Pissiri, is 1031.5 metres above sea level. The seaboard district on the Sea of Japan consists of two topographical units, one is the low land (the district between Wakkanai and Rumoi) and the other is the Mashike mountainous district (the main peak, Mt. Shokanbetsudake, is 1491 m high). The area surveyed is situated in Lat. 43°30′N. to 45°30′N. and Long. 141°20′E. to 142°30′E. The main river systems of the districts are the Ishikari, the Teshio and several short rivers (the Enbetsu, the Kotanbetsu, the Obirashibe and the Shokanbetsu). Surveys were made chiefly in the summers of 1962,1963,1964 and 1965. In the area surveyed, nine species of freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica ICHIKAWA et KAWAKATSU, Phagocata vivida (IJIMA et KABURAKI), Phagocata iwamai ICHIKAWA et KAWAKATSU, Phagocata albata ICHIKAWA et KAWAKATSU, Polycelis sapporo (IJIMA et KABURAKI), Polycelis schmidti (ZABUSOV), Dendrocoelopsis lacteus ICHIDAWA et OKUGAWA, Dendrocoelopsis ezensis ICHIKAWA et OKUGAWA and Dendrocoelopsis sp. of Otoineppu, were found (including the data of Dr. KAWAKATSU). Pol. sapporo was found everywhere in the streams and springs both in the seashore district and the stations below the altitude of about 460 metres. Pol. schmidti was rather common in the cold-water localities in the Teshio Mountains and at Teshio-cho (alt. 15-740 m). Ph. vivida was collected only in the cold-water spring at On'nenai (the northernmost locality of this species). The other six species were found chiefly in the localities in the plain. The inhabitable water temperature range of the main species of freshwater planarians is as follows : Pol. sapporo (6.2-18.3℃) ; Pol. schmidti (7.0-10.2℃). The type of vertical distribution in the area surveyed is JSC-SC-C. The geographical distribution of Ph. vivida, Pol. auriculata and Pol. schmidti in Hokkaido is also described (modification of the deduction of the Dr. KAWAKATSU's 1965 article). 1. The northern limit of distribution of Ph. vivida : the Oshima Peninsula〜Sapporo〜Mt. Teshio〜the Shiretoko Peninsula. 2. The northern limit of distribution of Polycelis auriculata : the Oshima Peninsula〜Sapporo〜Mt. Teshio〜Kushiro. 3. The southern limit of distribution of Pol. schmidti : Mt. Pisshiri〜Mt. Teshio〜Akan〜the Shiretoko Peninsula.
  • 松本 政美, 山本 護太郎
    原稿種別: 本文
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. 134-139
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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    Where the river bed is completely covered with organic deposit or sewage, the main inhabitants are always the so-called sludge worms of the family Tubificidae. In general, it has been supposed that its sexual maturity occurs throughout the year. An investigation of oviposition of Tubifex hattai was made by breeding in the laboratory, from June 1962 to June 1965,comparing with the results of sampling in the channel carrying polluted waters through Yamagata City. The general trend of the study suggests that there are two breeding periods in a year, the one in March to July, and the other September to October. That time of breeding may be related to the temperature conditions is inferred from that egglaying was seen under the minimum temperature reading of 8-10℃ and the maximum of 23-25℃, and the high temperature conditions, above 30℃, inhibit their oviposition, therefore the breeding activity shows a marked decline in the middle of July and oviposition ceased in August. As the water temperature declines to 25℃ in September, autumn breeding commences and continues for about two months. Thereafter they suspend sexual activity for long term. The aquatic oligochaete produces a cocoon with a transparent covering and the number of eggs brooded by a worm varies from 8-15,with a mean of 12,during the March-June breeding. Therefore for every individual about 38 cocoons were bred during the season, containing 38×12,i.e. 456 eggs. It is clear from the survival curve that there appears to be a low mortality during the autumn months, and high mortality occurs immediately after the breeding of March to June, and the mortality becomes especially high after the spring breeding season of the second year. The difference of mortality of the first and the second year may reasonably be attributed to the conditions of density of the population and their longevity in the laboratory. Among the factors controlling the reproductive activity, the correlations with body size or nutrients are not important, but the temperature is rather the main. If enviromental factors are favourable, it may be possible that the worm might actually survive for 4-6 years, but the physiological longevity is controlled by the various ecological conditions such as population density, food requirement, soil conditions and so.
  • 平田 貞雄
    原稿種別: 本文
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. 140-145
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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    To ascertain the effect of larval density on the characters of the larvae and pupae of the field populations of Mamestra brassicae, some observations were made in the cabbage fields at Hirosaki in 1959 and 1963. The results of the observations in 1959 indicate that the effects of larval density on the larval and pupal characters were the same as those observed on the laboratory population. In this case, however, it was also noticed that the density on a single plant fluctuates from time to time and the density dependent variation of characters did not correspond with the larval density on a single plant at the later season of the population fluctuation. The male larvae, especially the dark ones which might have been produced under the high density conditions, were presumed to have a strong tendency to migrate in the final instar. The larvae of all instars were collected throughout the whole breeding season in 1963 and the frequencies of color variants were determined. As shown in Fig. 6,the color variation was observed in the fourth, fifth and sixth (final) instars of the first (early summer) generation and in the third, fourth, fifth and sixth instars of the second (autumn) generation. The percentage of the dark larvae, which were considered to be produced mainly by the effect of high larval density and partly by the effects of low temperature and unsuitable food-plant (cf. HIRATA ; 1960,1962), was higher in the second generation than in the first. Within the same generation, it was also higher in later season than in the earlier. The results of measurements of the width of head capsule of the fourth and fifth instar larvae of the second generation in 1963 indicate that the dark larvae of the fifth instar had a slightly smaller head comparing to the pale ones.
  • 志村 義雄
    原稿種別: 本文
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. 145-149
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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    Thelypteris Beddomei (BAK.) CHING was studied with regard to its distribution, community structure and some environmental conditions chiefly along the drainages near the upper stream of the Shiba River at the western foot of Mt. Fuji, Japan. The area of the present study is recognized as the nonthern limit of distribution of the species in Japan. In the present study, Thelypteris Beddomei was found at eight localities in the Uchino, Ashigata district and around Lake Tanuki, Fujinomiya City, Shizuoka Prefecture (Map. 1). The localities are distributed at altitudes ranging approximately from 550m to 650m and are nearly in 35°20′N. lat. and the area belongs to the upper part of warm temperate climate zone. The community sizes ranges roughly from 4 m^2 to 1958 m^2 and amounts to about 4330 m^2 in all. The floristic composition and community structure are presented in Table 1-10. It is a noticeable fact that the species grows together with Sasa plexipes and Miscanthus sinensis in some communities and that the fern flourishes vigorously as the othe two species. The species grows in somewhat shady and damp sites under several kinds of open forests. The PH value of the soil ranges from 5.9 to 6.0,thus showing a week acid reaction. According to TAGAWA (1959) and NAMEGATA (1961), the phenological type of Thelypteris Beddomei is described as ever-green. In my observation, however, the phenological type of the fern species in this particlar area is found to be perfectly summer green.
  • 小田 毅, 須股 博信
    原稿種別: 本文
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. 149-157
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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    Das Kirisima-Gebirge liegt in Sudkyusyu unter ca. 31°nordl. Breite und 131°ostl. Lange. Es umfaBt zwei Vulkangruppen. Der hochste Gipfel in diesem Gebirge erreicht 1699.9m u.d.M. Die naturliche Waldvegetation entwickelt sich von 300 bis auf 1400 m, wo sie nicht vom Klima, sondern vom Vulkanismus begrenzt ist. Jeder von der Gurteln steigt hier hoher als in Mittelkyusyu auf. Daher erweitert sich das Shiion sieboldi gewohnlich von der Hugel-und Tieffandstufe zur submontanen hinauf, so daβ die montane hauptsachlich mit dem Tsugion sieboldii bedeckt ist, um das Fagion crenatae hier ganz zu lokalisieren. Zwischen zwei Vulkangruppen befindet sich ein klarer Unterschied in der Gesellschaftsverteilung und in den Vegetationseinheiten selbst. Jede Gesellschaft liegt um 300 m niedriger in der neueren Gruppe, "Takatiho" als in der alteren, "Karakuni". Die strauchige Gesellschaft uber der Waldgrenze ist vom Cacalio-Weigeletum in der alteren, wahrend in der neueren vom Brachypodio-Hydrangeetum vertreten. Das Symploco-Tsugetum mit dem azonalen Sasamorpho-Fagetum ist nur im alteren Vulkane beschrankt. Das Rhododendro-Pinetum beherbergt mehr Arten in der neueren als in der alteren und stellt eine besondere Variante auf. Das Sakakio-Cyclopsidetum tritt auch im niedrigeren Takatiho-Vulkane auf und gehort zur Subassoziation alpinietosum, wahrend es im Karakuni vom distylietosum vertreten ist. Die Erhebung von jeder Waldgurtel gegen die Gebirge von Mittelkyushu beruht ohne Zweifel auf die hohere Temperatur, die durch die sudlichere Lage dieses Gebirges aufglost werden kann. Fur das Vorherrschen vom Kiefernwald hier gegen das Fehlen oder sehr sparlichen Vorkommen in den Vulkangruppen von Mittelkyusyu wurde die groBeren Niederschlage ohne Sommerruhe verant wortlich sein, denn es wird wirklich Versauerung vom Vulkanaschboden beschleunigen.
  • 水野 信彦, 西村 正昭, 岩崎 優
    原稿種別: 本文
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. 157-165
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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    In April and May of 1965,the benthic communities were investigated by the quadrat (50×50 cm) sampling method at four stations along the River Yosino-gawa, with the following results : 1. At the station of Ikadaba in the upper reach of the river, Micrasema sp. a species of torrential caddisworms, which was very abundant in this station in Febrary, had remarkably decreased in number. Consequently, the total number of benthic animals had become reduced to a fifth of that in February. Their standing crops, however, showed nearly similar values between February and April. 2. At the other two stations, Sako and Gojo, situated in the middle course of the river, the standing crops of benthos had become reduced to half or a third of those in February. With the ratios of the standing crops among the three river-bed types, "Hirase"-rapid, "Hayase"-rapid and "Huchi"-pool, the definite trend that had been observed in February could not be recognized. Moreover, many river-bed types were marked with remarkable advances of several ephemerid species into dominant or subdominant positions. These three noticeable changes were observed for two or three months since February, and are considered to have been brought about by the marked decreases of net-spinning caddisworms, Stenopsychidae and Hydropsychinae, which showed some striking dominances at Sako and Gojo respectively in February.
  • 千田 哲資
    原稿種別: 本文
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. 165-169
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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    Eggs of halfbeaks adhering to drifting materials are seen during April-July. Drifting materials used as spawning beds by halfbeaks consist of various kinds of plants, that is, Sargassum spp., Zostera marina, Chorda filum, Enteromorpha prolifera, and occasionally, straw-mat, twigs of tree or bamboo, etc. The spawning ground extends almost over the whole areas of this sea, but spawnings happen infrequently in the areas under severe influences of fresh water. Eighty percent or more of drifting seaweeds are adhered by halfbeak eggs during the period from the middle of May to the middle of June, and 20,000-50,000 eggs per 1 kg weeds are seen during this period. Halfbeaks spawn in the daytime as well as at night. Parent fishes lay eggs while passing through a mass of weeds or lying on weeds, and sometimes they are tangled with weeds and end in death. Spawning of halfbeaks on seaweeds growing on the coast has not yet been observed in this sea.
  • 沼田 真
    原稿種別: 本文
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. 169-170
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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  • 鈴木 時夫
    原稿種別: 本文
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. 170-
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. App2-
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. Cover3-
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1966 年 16 巻 4 号 p. Cover4-
    発行日: 1966/08/01
    公開日: 2017/04/08
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