日本生態学会誌
Online ISSN : 2424-127X
Print ISSN : 0021-5007
ISSN-L : 0021-5007
19 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1~22を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. App1-
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 川勝 正治, 手代木 渉, 八木橋 元一
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 43-47
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The vertical distribution of freshwater planarians in the Tsugaru Peninsula in Aomori Prefecture (Lat. 40°40′N. to lat. 41°20′N. and Long, 140°10′E. to Long. 140°45′E.), the northernmost part of Honshu, was surveyed in 1966 and 1967. The Peninsula faces both the Tsugaru Straits and Mutsu Bay. The larger part of the Peninsula is covered with low mountains, of which the highest peak is 827 metres in height. The south-western part of the Peninsula is characterized by a level plain of cultivation. The main river system in the area surveyed is the Iwaki, which discharges into Juni-ko Lake and the Sea of Japan. In the area surveyed, six species of freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica ICHIKAWA et KAWAKATSU, Phagocata vivida (IJIMA et KABURAKI), Phagocata teshirogii ICHIKAWA et KAWAKATSU, Polycelis auriculata IJIMA et KABURAKI, Polycelis sapporo (IJIMA et KABURAKI) and Dendrocoelopsis lacteus ICHIKAWA et OKUGAWA, were found. D. japonica was found to be common at the stations below the altitude of about 160 metres (inhabitable water temperature range, 8.0〜22.2℃). Ph. vivida was common at the stations below the altitude of about 380 metres (5.0〜21.8.C). Pol. auriculata was found in both the cold-water mountain streams and in some cold-water springs in the seaward district (0.5〜480m, 9.0〜14.0℃). Pol. sapporo, one of the common species in Hokkaido, was found at the stations below the altitude of about 120 metres (9.0〜21.8℃). It is an interesting fact that this species was rather common at the stations in the Tappizaki Cape district in the Tsugaru Peninsula. Small populations of Ph. teshirogii and Den. lacteus were found in the Tsugaru Peninsula. The type of the vertical distribution of the planarians in the area surveyed is (JSV)-JSVA-SVA-VA-A (J : D. japonica ; V : Ph. vivida ; S : Pol. sapporo ; A : Pol. auriculata). The geographical distribution of Pol. sapporo and Den. lacteus in Honshu were discussed. According to the best of our knowledge, Pol. sapporo has been recorded only from the northern side of the demarcation line drawn between the base of the Shimokita Peninsula and of the Tsugaru Peninsula (cf. KAWAKATSU 1965,p. 356,Fig. 5,1967,p. 125,Fig. 5). Den. lacteus has been recorded both from the Tsugaru Peninsula and in a little south of the southern demarcation line of distribution of Pol. sapporo (cf. KAWAKATSU, TESHIROGI, ISHIOKA & KASAHARA 1968).
  • 内川 公人
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 48-52
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    The results are given of a survey of the fleas from the small mammals living in the mountain zone of the Yatsugatake range, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, carried out during the period between November, 1965 and October, 1966. The 391 catches of small mammals comprised 60.4 percent of Apodemus argenteus, 11.8 percent of Clethrionomys andersoni, 8.4 percent of Dymecodon pilirostris and 5 other species which included the mouse, voles and insectivores (Table 1). This species composition was considered as characteristic of the transition zone between the mountain and subalpine forest zones of Central Honshu. Fourteen species of fleas were recorded from the hosts mentioned above (Table 2). A few fleas obtained in small number could not be clarified as to their seasonal occurrence or true hosts. Among others, the seasonal occurrence of P. nippon differed from that observed in the subalpine forest zone (cf. UCHIKAWA, 1967) ; and N. sasai and C. c. congeneroides seemed to occur throughout the year. Some fleas exhibited more remarkable limitations in the vertical distribution than their host species. Taking into account the informations on the range of each flea, interpretations of the host relationships of the fleas were made. In the relationships between the fleas of a common genus, a tendency of the isolation in ranges of two or more species was observed as well as the differences in the host preferences and seasonal occurrences.
  • 林田 文郎, 桜井 武麿
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 52-56
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    HAYASHIDA, Fumio and Takemaro SAKURAI (Tokai Univ., Shimizu) Algal flora and communities at Mochimune, Suruga Bay. Jap. J. Ecol. 19,52-56(1969). The present paper deals with the marine algal flora and vegetation on the coast of Mochimune located in the western part of Suruga Bay. The field work was carried out during the period from February 1966 to January 1967. The results of the investigations are as follows. The number of species collected was 103 including 14 species of Chlorophyta, 25 species of Phaeophyta, and 64 species of Rhodophyta. The coverage of the algal communities was 70-80 percent in spring, and the standing crop in the freah weight was 2.2-2.3kg per aquare meter in the low tidal level. It is intereating to note that the vegetation on the coast of Mochimune shows the abeence of the Monostroma-, Ishige-, and the Sargassum thunbergii-belts when compared with the Shimoda area at the southern end of Isu Peninsula. The Ulva and the Enteromorpha-belts were scarce. The standing crop of the algal communities is a little higher than in the Shimoda area throughout the year.
  • 渡辺 弘之
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 56-62
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    異なった土壌型の上に生立するスギ人工林, スギ・ブナ・ミズナラ混交天然林およびススキ草原において, 大型土壌動物の個体数, 現存量およびその深さに伴なう変化と, これに関与する土壌の理化学的性質や根の量との関係を京都大学芦生演習林において調らべた.個体数, 現存量はスギ林で343,6.654g(湿重)/m^2,混交天然林で195,2.853g, ススキ草原で261,23.909gであった.個体数いいずれの植生下でも, 表層から深くなるにつれて急激に減少し, 現存量もスギ林を除いて, 深くなるにつれて減少することを示した.また, 大型土壌動物は40cm以下からは全く採集されなかった.これらのことから, 大型土壌動物の調査には, 夏の場合, 40〜50cmまで掘ることが必要であると思われる.大型土壌動物は主として表層に生息するものと, 土壌中, 深くに生息するものの2つに分けることができ, 深いところに生息するものは, 個体重50mg以上になる大きなもので, 自ら穴を堀り移動できるものであるが, その個体数は少なく, 表層に生息するものは30mg以下, とくに5mg以下の小さなものが多く, 土壌表層の孔隙を利用して生活しており, その個体数は多い.大型土壌動物の垂直分布と土壌の孔隙量, 有機物量(炭素含有率)や土壌中, 根の分布との関係は, 植生, 土壌型によって, 異なり一定の傾向を示さなかった.
  • 土肥 昭夫
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 62-66
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    The feeding experiments of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, were carried out under various bait concentrations. A water flea, Daphnia pulex, was used as the bait. 1) The guppy continously feeds on the bait all through the day, when supplied with a sufficient amount. 2) The consumed number of baits can be described as a function of the time required for feeding, as follows, n=N(1-e^<-at>) where n is the number of baits consumed till the time t, N is the initial concentration of bait and 'a' can be expressed in the present experiments as the function of the initial concentration of bait and the full function can be described as, n=N(1-e^<-5.468t>/N^<0.913>) 3) The equation between the number of baits consumed and the initial concentration of the bait showed good agreement with the equation obtained by IVLEV (1955). This equation is described as, r=R(1-e^<-ξp>) where R is the maximum amount of food consumption at a definite time and ξ is the coefficient of proportionality.
  • M.S. RATHOR
    原稿種別: Article
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 67-69
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    As a result of fossorial adaptations in the Indian sand lizard, Ophiomorus steeti Anderson and Leviton, its head has become streamlined with the neck and the body, and has a cuneiform snout which also protects the mouth opening from being forcibly opened when the lizard moves inside the loose soil. The limbs are reduced to a tridactyl condition. The forelimbs fit in grooves on the lateral sides of the body and are non-functional. The crescentic ventrum of the sand lizard functions as a double keel and prevents slipping of the body in the sand during lateral undulations of the body. Eyes are reduced in size and a transparent disc in the lower eye-lid has developed which keeps it clean and safe from the sand particles. Being nocturnal, it reduces the predation pressure chiefly from raptores and other raptiles and increases the chances of procuring food, the termites being nocturnal which are its main food, Due to both of its fossorial and noctural propensities it can comfortably maintain the thermo-regulation in the fluctuating desert conditions. The living conditions in a desert, on account of the interaction of various climatic factors, are hostile to its inhabitants. Due to scanty rainfall or its total failure, there is always a deficiency in the quantity of moisture and food to sustain life. It is, however, interesting to note that even in these appaling conditions, lizards outnumber all other animals except insects. Obviously this is a result of a perfect adaptation on the part of these animals to the rigours of the desert life. Though little attention has been paid to the fossorial adaptations of reptiles and especially of lizards in comparision to mammals, yet the studies, on Anniella (BURT, 1931,KLAUBER, 1932) ; on various species of Eumeces (SMITH, 1946 ; FITCH, 1954-1955) and on Uma (NORRIS, 1951) are instructive. CLARK (1914) and CRAWFORD (1931 and 1934) have contributed to our knowledge of the nocturnal habits of animals and the advantages derived from them. Still the ecology and behaviour of the desert lizards and especially of the burrowing skinks are imperfectly understood. The present field of study deals with the fossorial and nocturnal habits of Ophiomorus streeti, a burrowing sand lizard belonging to the family Scincidae, and inhabiting the desert area of Western Rajasthan (India).
  • 谷口 森俊
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 70-73
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The intertidal zonation of the marine algae along the coast of Pusan Korea, which faces the strait of Korea, was studied. The field work was carried out in June 1968. As the results of the investigations, there were found, from above to below the Gloiopeltis furcata belt, the Myelophycus caespitosus belt, the Hizikia fusiforme belt and the Ecklonia stolonifera belt between the tide-marks at the exposed shore. In these belts, there were recognized such marine algae as Ulva conglobata, Sargassum thunbergii, Colpomenia sinuosa, Carpopeltis flabellata, Ishige Okamurai, I. Foliacea, Gigartina intermedia, Chondrus ocellatus, Lomentaria catenata, Carpopeltis affinis, Pachydictyon coriacenm, Carpopeltis cornea, Endarachne binghamiae, Grateloupia elliptica, etc. The above-men-tioned community is identical with the Hizikia fusiforme-Eisenia bicyclis association previously reported by the author (1961), which is a typical open-sea community distributing along the coasts of the middle Pacific Ocean. The physiognomic type of this community belongs to the Brown-Brown type (TANIGUTI, 1961), which is a type of the open-sea community.
  • 柴崎 篤洋
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 73-75
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    Experiments were conducted on the walking speed and the orientation of Leucania separata larvae in relation to the rearing densities and resultant colour types. The results obtained are as follows : 1. At the 2nd and 3rd instars the larvae did not yet show colour polymorphism, and the speed of both isolated and crowded larvae, when dropped on a smoked paper, were not significantly different. 2. At the 4th to 6th instar stages, black larvae produced under crowded rearing walked significantly faster than the pale green larvae produced under individual rearing (see Fig.1). 3. In both colour types, the walking speed was faster when 10 individuals were tested together than when individual larvae were tested separately. When a pale green larva was tested with nine black larvae, the former walked nearly as fast as the latter. 4. When 10 larvae were simultaneously dropped on a point of smoked paper, the 2nd and 3rd instar lavae walked independently in different directions (Fig. 2B), while the 4th, 5th and 6th instar larvae tended to walk together in the same direction (Fig. 2D). From these results, it is considered that the density effect resulting in colour polymorphism affects the actual activity of Leucania separata larvae, not the potential walking speed.
  • 林 一六
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 75-79
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    In the previous paper of this series, Polygonum persicaria and Erigeron strigosus were regarded as first and secondary pioneer species at Sugadaira, respectively. The Miscanthus sinensis community was described as a perennial grass stage of succession in the same paper. In the present work, the productive structure was investigated on the communities dominated by P. persicaria, E. strigosus and M. sinensis. The Polygonum community, an initial stage on the abandoned field has many leaves in the upper layer of the community and the leaf area index (LAI) is 2.7. On the contrary, in the community of E. strigosus, most of the leaves are within the height of 30cm above the ground and LAI is 1.9. The Miscanthus community contains 8.6 leaf layers in the stand. The differences of the location and the number of the leaf-layers of these communities cause the difference of the light condition inside the communities. The seedlings with small shade tolerance can not grow in the Polygonum community, while in the Erigeron community, these seedlings can grow, because the light penetrates the community. The differences of the productive structure among these communities are based on the differences of life cycle or growth form of the dominants. The aut ecological characteristics of these species as the motive force of plant succession were examined.
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 80-81
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 菊池 捷治郎
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 82-83
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 鈴木 時夫
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 83-
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 横山 光雄, 井手 久登, 宮脇 昭
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 83-
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 林 一六, 沼田 真
    原稿種別: Article
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 83-
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 杉山 幸丸
    原稿種別: Article
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 83-
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 杉山 幸丸, 吉場 健二
    原稿種別: 本文
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. 83-84
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. App2-
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. Cover3-
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1969 年 19 巻 2 号 p. Cover4-
    発行日: 1969/04/01
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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