日本生態学会誌
Online ISSN : 2424-127X
Print ISSN : 0021-5007
ISSN-L : 0021-5007
20 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1~16を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. App1-
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 安部 琢哉
    原稿種別: 本文
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 219-230
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to study the interspecific food sharing in ants, an important process giving them opportunities to coexist. A grassland on the campus of the Kyoto University where four species of ants, Formica japonica, Camponotus japonicus, Tetramorium caespitum and Messor aciculatum coexisted was selected as for investigation. Direct observations were made throughout the seasons of 1968. Messor, foraging from autumn to winter, fed mainly on the seeds of plants and occasionally on insects. The other three species, foraging from spring to autumn, had similar foraging activities, and their foraging ares overlapped. These ants fed mainly on insects, incidentally on spiders, earthworms and small land snails, although in October Tetramorium mainly fed on the seeds of plants. The components of the food animals in each species were similar, but their weight range differed widely. When individuals of some species were on their way back to the nest carrying food, they were frequently deprived of this food by other species. Considering these weight differences and the phenomenon of interspecific deprivation, a hypothesis is presented that these ants utilize available food in parts by sharing it through the mechanism of interspecific deprivation.
  • Yuzuru SAITO, Kazuya TANIGUCHI, Susumu ATOBE, Saburo NAGANAWA
    原稿種別: Article
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 230-232
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The intertidal algal communities on the vertical faces of the breakwater at the fisherman's wharf were observed at Toyoura, Hokkaido. Comparing the results with those from Usujiri^<3)>, we derive the following conclusions : 1. The algal communities on vertical substrata seemed to be strongly related to the direction the substratum faces. 2. Ptilota pectinata, provisionally reported earlier to be a species peculiar to vertical substrata, is now confirmed in respect to this tendency, and it is also designated as a shade alga. Heterochordaria abietina and Corallina pilulifera seemed to be sun forms.
  • 岡本 紀久
    原稿種別: 本文
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 233-237
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Using the azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (L) and its parasitic wasp, Anisopteromalus carandrae (Howard) the developmental stage of the host attacked, the percentage of parasitism and the developmental duration of the parasitic wasp were examined in relation to the stages of host development under controlled condition of temperature (30℃) and relative humidity (70%), Discussion was done on the synchronization of the life cycles between the host and the parasite. It was ascertained that the host is parasitized at the 3rd to 4th larval instars or the pupal stage of its development. The 4th larval instars of the host were parasitized by all the wasps released, while the parasitization on the 3rd larval instars and pupae of the host were attained by a few of the released wasps. The percentages of parasitism changed with the progress of the development of the host larva as shown in Fig. 1. When the parasite attacked the host at the developmental stage of 11 to 17 days after being oviposited, the mean developmental duration of the parasite was about 14 days. In the host at the stage of 7 to 10 days after being oviposited, the parasites bred were divided into two groups, rapid and slow, concerning the duration of their development. The mean developmental duration in the rapid group was about 15 days. Individuals of the slow group grew depending upon the development of the hosts on which they parasitized, and their emergence took place about 8 days later than that of their host. When the parasites of this group emerged the 3rd instar larvae of the host in the next generation were available for parasite attacking. Therefore, the delay in the emergence of the parasite which was provided a host at the younger stage may be effective for the synchronization between the life cycles of the host and the parasite.
  • Yoshihiko CHIBA
    原稿種別: Article
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 237-243
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of light conditions on the activity of the mosquitoes, Armigeres subalbatus, Aedes japonicus, Aedes togoi, Aedes flavopictus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and C. pipiens, was investigated with respect to circadian rhythm. The patterns of activity of these 6 species showed specific differences under 12L (740 lux)-12D (0 lux) and under 12L (742)-12D (2). Armigeres exhibited spontaneous activity under each of the following conditions of continuous light intensity : zero, 2,740,and 7,240 lux. The spontaneous activity pattern varied with the change of light intensity. The activity of Armigeres under continuous illumination and under the conditions of 12L-12D were compared with the results previously obtained on the circadian rhythm in C. pipiens. The comparisons tentatively suggest that there exist specific light intensities for the spontaneous activity of each species and this causes the species to exhibit a specific activity pattern under the conditions of 12L-12D. On the basis of these results, field activity such as the biting cycle of species or the circadian succession of a mosquito community in biting has been interpreted.
  • Ichiroku HAYASHI, Makoto NUMATA
    原稿種別: Article
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 243-252
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The number of seed grains in the soil of Miscanthus and Zoysia type grasslands was measured from the view point of succession. The samples of soil block, 10×10 cm square and 10cm deep, were collected at 10 points regularly spaced in each stand, and the seed grains were sifted out from each soil sample through a sieve and calculated in number. Thus, it was found that Miscanthus and Zoysia grassland contain in their soil 1980 and 18780 seed grains per 1×1 m square and 10 cm deep, respectively. In other words, the number of seed grains in the soil was much larger in the Zoysia type than in the Miscanthus type. From this fact, the difference in the mode of maintenance of community existing in both grassland types was discussed in terms of the buried-seed population.
  • 鈴木 時夫, 鈴木 和子
    原稿種別: 本文
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 252-255
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Im groβten Teil von Japan wird der Bereich des Meeresspiegels durchs regenreiche Klimamit Maximalsommerregen warm temperiert. Dadurch liegt der Punkt des kaltesten Monats, Januaroder Februar, in der Ecke des Schemas links unten, dagegen derjenige des warmsten Monats, Julioder August, in der Ecke rechts oben. Also entwickelt sich das Schema zwischen den beiden Punkten. Die von links unten bis rechts oben beinabe diagonal gezeichnete Figur ist fur den pazifischen Kustenstrich allgemein charakteristisch. (Abb. 1A) Das Wetter im Kustenstrich vom Japanischen Meer besteht dagegen im sehr schneereichen Winter. Der Wintermonsun ist ursprunglich eine kalte trockne Luftmasse, aber diese nimmt uberdem Japanischen meer eine groβe Menge Wasser-dampf auf und laβt uber dem Kustenstrich vom Japanischen Meer heftgen Schnee herabfallen. Dadurch geht sich der Punkt des kaltesten Monats im Schema rechtswarts fort. Die Figur des Hythergraphs zeigt im Kustenstrich vom Japanischen Meer damit einen geknickten Zustand. (Abb. 1B) Im Bereich des pazifischen Klimatypus in Sudwestjapan zeigt das Setouti-Gebiet einen besonderen Subtypus, weil die Hochsommertrockenheit auch dort vorkommt. Im Schema bildet also der Punkt des warmsten Monats einen nach links unten neigenden Haken. Vom Index des Japanischen Meers handelt es sich um die GroBe der Neigung der Linie, die im Hythergraph den kaltesten Monat mit dem warmsten Monat verbindet. Wenn diese Linie nach rechts (<90°) neigt, so kommt ein pazifischer Klimatypus vor, und wenn sie nach links (>90°) neigt, so erscheint ein Klimatypus vom Japanischen Meer. Im Setouti-Index handelt es sich um eine relative Stellung von den drei Punkten : d.h. der Punkt des warmsten und trockensten Augustes, der des regenreichsten Junis oder Septembers und der des kaltesten und schneereichsten Januars oder Februars. Ein Scheitelpunkt sei im kaltesten Monat, dann wird der Index durch die Groβe des Winkels zwischen der Linie, die den trockensten Monat mit dem regenreichsten Fruhsommer-oder Herbstmonat verbindet, und derjenigen, die den warmsten Monat mit dem kaltesten Monat verbindet, geschatzt. (Abb. 1C) Der Bereich vom Saseto-Fagetum crenatae, das eigentumlich zum Klimatypus des Japanischen Meers gehort, schlieβt sich mit der Linie von 90°um (s. Abb. 2), und daβ die Pittosporo-Quercetum phillyraeoides Hartlaubwalder im Setouti-Kustenstrich und entlang der Hoyo-Meerstraβe vorkommen, liegt mit der Linie, die der Setouti-Index mehr als 28°zeigt, zusammen. (s. Abb. 3)
  • 山岸 宏, 福原 晴夫
    原稿種別: 本文
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 256-257
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Swimming Chironomus plumosus larvae were collected from the surface water layer using a fish larva net in the daytime and at midnight of June 11,1970 in Lake Suwa (eutrophic lake situated 759 m above sea level, with an area of 14.45 km^2 and a maximum depth of 6.5 m, in central Japan). Based upon the comparison of the body length distributions of the larvae collected at the surface and bottom it is concluded that the Chironomus larvae from the 1st to the late 4th instar stages make swimming behavior under the windless condition both in the daytime and at night. This result suggests that the duration in which the larvae keep the swimming behavior is far longer than experimentally estimated by NOSE (1961) and this behavior makes the larvae even at the 4th instarstage easily to be eaten by pond smelt (Hypomesusolidus), a typical zooplankton feeder inhabiting the lake.
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 257-
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 258-259
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 1-14
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. App2-
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. Cover3-
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1971 年 20 巻 6 号 p. Cover4-
    発行日: 1971/02/25
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
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