JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages Cover1-
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_Cover1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (41K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages Cover2-
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_Cover2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (41K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages App1-
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_App1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (130K)
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF HERBACEOUS COMMUNITIES OF PILANI : RAJASTHAN

R. BABU V

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 87-95
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_87

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Population dynamics of herbaceous communities of certain areas around Pilani were studied during the one growth season (monsoon) of 1968. The analysis of habitat factors and interrelationships between the habitat factors and B. articularis population were also studied. Among about ten herbaceous associates in various localities, B. articularis. and Cenchrus biflorus are closely associated. An increase in the associates of the grass group reduced the B. articularis populations. In cultivated fields the ratio between weeds and the crop plants is found to be 7 : 1. Of the seven weeds for every crop plant, three belong to B.articularis. The population of B. articularis is limited by the fine sand content. Plants preference for sandy soils with pH near neutral is established. Populations showed negative logarithmic relationship with soil pH from 7.3 to 7.7.

View full abstract

Download PDF (896K)
SOCIAL FACILITATION IN FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE GUPPY : III. INFLUENCES OF THE SOCIAL FACILITATION UPON THE ACTIVITY, RESPIRATION AND GROWTH

Tatsumi UEMATSU

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 96-103
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_96

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The amount of activity of the guppy. Poecilia reticulata PETERS, was measured, for 10 minutes under four different conditions, vix, under different numbers of stimulators-0,1,3 and 6. The oxygen consumption, which was taken as a degree of respiration, was measured under 0,1 and 3 stimulators for 2 hrs. The single, 2 and 4 individuais of guppy were put into keep-pots respectively and the feeding rate, expressed with the numbers of Daphnia pulex LEYDIG eaten, were measured every-day. The size of the experimental fish were measured several times during the experimental period of 25 days. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The activity did not rise with 3 and 6 stimulators and was lowered with one stimnlator. 2. A negative correlation was found between oxgen consumption and the number of companions. 3. The social facilitations both in the feeding behavior and in the growth rate were demonstrated during the early experimental period, namely, the former was recognized during the first 10 days of the experiment and the latter during the first 7 days. That is, the social facilitation in the feeding behavior and reduction of respiration seemed to accelerate the growth. 4. The change of the facilitation rate (FR) through a day showed that the highest value was observed in the morning, a relatively low value in the afternoon and in the nighttime. 5. However, during the later experimental period, a little or no facilitation effect was observed both in feeding and growth. Some problems concerning the growth as a function of the social facilitation of feeding behavior were discussed.

View full abstract

Download PDF (874K)
PFLANZENSOZIOLOGISCHE BEHANDLUNG UBER DIE ALPINEN VEGETATIONEN DES AKAISI-GEBIRGES IV. : CETRARIO-ARCTOETUM, ASS. NOV. EINE NEUE ASSOZIATION VON DER ALPINEN HEIDEN

Kazuo ASANO

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 104-115
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_104

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Im Sommers von 1963 bis 1966,der Verfasser hat vielmal Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionen im mittel und sudlichen Teil des Akaisi-Gebirges, Zentraljapan, gemacht, wo vom Siomidake bis zum Kamigotidake-Berg liegen. Auf felsiegen Standorten in der alpinen Stufe, wo sehr starker Windstoβ in Winter amkommt, kommen eine Dauergesellschaft von Zwergstraucher-Strauchfiechten Windheiden vor. Dieses Bestande sind auf den windiegen und Schneearmen Hangen (Nordost, Nordwest und Sudwest) des Gipfeln und Graten begrenzt. Dieses Gesellschaft ist die Kennarten des Arcterio-Loiseleurietum und diejenige der hoheren Einheiten der Verband, der Ordnung und der Klasse, wie Arctous alpinus var. japonica, Carex stenantha, Diapensia lapponica var. obovata, Cetraria crispa var. japonica, Thamnolia vermicularis, Rhacomitrium lanuginosum, Cladonia rangiferina befinden, aber die wichtige Characterarten Loiseleuria procumbens, Arcteria nana und Empetrum nigrum sind nicht konstant. Floristische Zusammensetzung, dieses Gesellschaft ist ganz ahnlich der Arctoeto-Vaccinietum uliginosi Yamazaki et Nagai aus dem nordlichen Akaisi-Gebirge, aber mit derjenige aus dem Berge Ettyu-Asahi, beide von ihnen werden man versieden Pflanzengesellschaften erkennen. Als der pazifischen Representative vom Arcterio-Loiseleurietum mochten die verfasser es als Neue Assoziation beschreiben. Also-1) Cetrario-Arctoetum, ass. nov. 1A) euphrasietosum, subass. nov. 1Aa) Loiseleuria procumbens-Variante, 1Ab) Oxytropis japonica-Variante, 1B) cetrarietosum, subass. nov.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1390K)
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE JELLY-FISH, AURELIA AURITA (LINNE) IN URAZOKO BAY. : FUKUI PREFECTURE-VI.

Toru YASUDA

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 115-119
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_115

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Although the jelly-fish, Aurelia aurita (LINNE), is one of the commonest large Scyphomedusa found along the coastal waters of Japan, there is very little informations on its biology in the natural condition. The present report deals with the seasonal change in the vertical distribution of the medusa in the sea. For one year beginning from April 1969,sampling was carried out every month by means of vertical hauls with a closing plankton-net (100 cm in mouth aperture, 2 mm in mesh size and 230 cm in length). Usually, the sampling was made at every two or three meters depth from the bottom to the surface at the outer-western part of Urazoko Bay, a small inlet on the southern coast of Wakasa Bay facing the Japan Sea, where a dense distribution of medusae often appeared. Simultaneously, hydrographic and meteorological observations were made. The results obtained are : 1) The medusae were distributed throughout the whole layers and their conditions of vertical distribution showed divergent or irregular patterns during spring and early summer, forming a dense accumulation in the bottom layer below 15 m in mid summer. They were commonly found in the upper 5 m from autumn to winter. This tendency was especially noticeable throughout the autumn season. 2) Underwater illumination appeared to exert a far greater influence on the vertical distribution of the medusae than any other environmental factors such as surface wind wave, water temperature and chlorinity. The medusae were observed to distribute in the upper layer when the illumination was less than 10^4 lux, while they were restricted to the layer deeper than 15 m when the surface-layer illumination was above 10^4 to 10^5 lux. Underwater illumination seemed to give different influence on the beating of the umbrella and the vertical distribution of the medusae according to the season when the illuminstion became gradually stronger day by day (spring to early summer) and to the season when it became progressively weaker (late summer to winter).

View full abstract

Download PDF (742K)
RE-EXAMINATION OF THE ABSORPTION METHOD OF MEASURING SOIL RESPIRATION UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS : IV. AN IMPROVED ABSORPTION METHOD USING A DISC OF PLASTIC SPONGE AS ABSORBENT HOLDER

Hiromitsu KIRITA

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 119-127
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_119

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Since the method used in the preceding report, which requires a series of simultaneous measurements with containers of several different sizes, is hardly applicable to field conditions, it is proposed to use a disc of plastic sponge soaked with KOH solution as the CO_2-absorber. In the established resistance formula, (1/υ_i)=(a_1/S)+(a_2/s), the CO_2-absorption rate by KOH solution (υ_i) is expected to be nearly proportional to S (covered ground area) or υ_i & R.S (R : real soil respiration rate), if s (absorbing surface of KOH solution) is equal to S. Using the sponge disc may satisfy this condition or s may be even greater than S. The results of the experiments show that υ_i obtained with this new apparatus is close to R.S, viz. the real soil respiration rate can be obtained directly by a single measurement. The details of this method are described and its reliability tested by other observations.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1040K)
FEEDING OF DAPHNIA ON PLANKTONIC BACTERIA

Yasuhiko TEZUKA

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 127-134
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_127

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Feeding rates of three species of Daphnia on planktonic bacteria. either pure-cultured or in lake water were determined by measuring the changes in bacterial concentration (cell number) of the water. 1) Below the bacterial concentration of about 3×10^6/ml, the feeding rate was approximately proportional to bacterial concentration down to such a very low concentration as 40/ml. 2) For the lake water of Yuno-ko where the diatom, A sterionella formosa, was predominating, the feeding rate of D. longispina on bacteria was not affected by the presence of larger particulate matter like phytoplankton, if the initial concentration of bacteria was the same. 3) Pond water rich in the blue-green aiga, Microcystis aeruginosa, inhibited the feeding of Daphnia on bacteria, the reason being mainly attributed to the high pH of the water. 4) Comparison of four species of Daphnia revealed that both feeding and filtering rates increased with increasing body size. 5) Judging from the energy requirement (respiration) of Daphnia, it was suggested that planktonic bacteria in concentrations lower than 1×10^6/ml might play a rather minor role in the energy or carbon nutrition of Daphnia, even if the nutritional value of bacteria is assumed high. 6) An attempt to cultivate D. pulex with pure-cultured bacteria over several generations was unsuccessful.

View full abstract

Download PDF (793K)
ANALYSIS OF FOREST CANOPY ON THE BASIS OF A TSUGA HETEROPHYLLA FOREST

Takao FUJIMORI

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 134-140
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_134

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The canopy structure of a Tsuga heierophylla forest was analyzed and the quantitative relationships among biomass and biomass increment in branches and leaves in vertical strata in the canopy were demonstrated. Branch and leaf growth ratio, (&lrtri;y_L(z)+&lrtri;y_B(z))/(y_L(z)+y_B(z)) and leaf photosynthetic efficiency toward the biomass increment of leaves and branches, (&lrtri;y_L(z)+&lrtri;y_B(z))/y_L)z) in each stratum have similar pattern of vertical distribution and they decrease as they go down to lower strata. The distribution patterns of branch biomass, leaf biomass, branch biomass increment, and leaf biomass increment from the upper to the bottom strata were figured. The accumulated biomass increment of leafbearing branches from top to bottom does not increase so much as the accumulated leaves as they go down to the lower strata.

View full abstract

Download PDF (686K)
FOOD HABIT OF VORTICELLIDAE ISOLATED FROM ACTIVATED SLUDGE

Ryuichi SUDO, Shuichi AIBA

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 140-146
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_140

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

1) To reveal the food habit of three species of Vorticellidae which were deemed most significant in purifying polluted waters by activated sludge, pure cultures of several strains of bacteria which were expected to be in the sludge were prepared to secure the protozoan food. 2) Some of the bacteria could be metabolized by Vorticellidae, whereas the remaining species could not be taken up by the protozoa. 3) If a mixed diet of the bacteria favorable for the protozoan growth was served, the specific growth rate of Vorticellidae approached that value which was experienced when the heterogeneous bacteria isolated from the sludge were given in situ. 4) Judging from another observation that Vorticella microstoma did not proliferate in the sludge extract medium when the favorable bacteria as food were inactivated by antibiotics and in addition, that no growth of the protozoa was noted when sterile rice-bran, boiled egg yolk or sterilized SS (suspended solid) from a raw sewage was given as food, Vorticellidae was presumed to take only the bacteria. So far, Vorticellidae was found stenophagic and holozoic. 5) A relationship demonstrated between the microflora and -fauna in the sludge presents a clue leading to the biochemical and microbiological control of the biotic community in the activated sludge process.

View full abstract

Download PDF (731K)
ACCUMULATIVE EFFECT OF LARVAL DENSITY ON THE DETERMINATION OF WING FORM IN THE BROWN PLANT HOPPER : NILAPV ATA. LUGENS STAL.

Akio MORI, Keizi KIRITANI

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 146-152
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_146

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Cumulative effect of the population density upon the percentage of macropterous females and the relative length of male elytron to that of tibia of hind leg (E/T ratio) were studied in the brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens STAL. With an increase in the rearing density, the percentage of the macropterous females (M%) increased. While most males were macropterous irrespective of the rearing density, i.e. isolated, 2 and 10 individuals per tube. The E/T ratio of the males, however, became greater with increasing rearing density. Hence, crowded (10 nymphs) and isolated cultures were dominated respectively by macro (M)- and brachypterous (B) females. Experiments also showed that wing forms of the mother had no bearing with M per cent and E/T ratio of its progeny. Progeny derived from the crowded culture gave higher M per cent and greater E/T ratio than those from the isolated one when they were reared at a comparable nymphal density. Despite the fact that the wing polymorphism of plant hoppers and aphids is distinctly different from that of locusts and armyworms; the former two have no intermediate wing form with any ecological significance, both groups have acquired independently a common mechanism in determination of wing form affected by the population density experienced in the preceding generations.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1001K)
STUDIES ON THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE WEIGHT OF INDIVIDUAL TREES IN A FOREST STAND : III. A BETA-TYPE DISTRIBUTION

Kazuo HOZUMI

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 152-167
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_152

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Applying the MNY-method proposed in the first report, a new distribution density function, belonging to a special form of the beta-distribution, was derived. The tree size distribution in a number of Cryptomeria japonica plantations was found to satisfy the function, φ (ω)=C {(A-1)ω+B}^(2A-1)/(2-A). Mathematical and biological properties of φ (ω) were examined with special reference to the relationships between its parameters under certain boundary conditions specific to the population level such as the 3/2 power law of natural thinning.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1376K)
EFFECT OF THE AMPUTATION OF FEMALE'S ANTENNAE ON THE OVIPOSITION IN CALLOSO-BRUCHUS CHINENSIS AND C.SP. : C. RHODESIANUS

Hiroshi NAKAMURA

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 167-169
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_167

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (420K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 169-170
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_169

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (363K)
W. Kuhnelt : Grundriss der Okologie. Mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Tierwelt. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1970,DM. 28

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 170-
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_170

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (203K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 171-
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_171

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (137K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 172-178
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_172

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (712K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages 1-4
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (427K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages App2-
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_App2

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (85K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages Cover3-
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_Cover3

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (56K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1971 Volume 21 Issue 3-4 Pages Cover4-
Published: September 30, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: April 11, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.21.3-4_Cover4

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (56K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!