日本生態学会誌
Online ISSN : 2424-127X
Print ISSN : 0021-5007
ISSN-L : 0021-5007
22 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の18件中1~18を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. App1-
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 鈴木 時夫, 鈴木 和子
    原稿種別: 本文
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 1-11
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    Im Hakusan Gebirge kann man vermoorter Vegetation ziemlich seltner begegnen. Obschon diese Vermoorung sehr weit im Ettyu-Asahi und Tateyama Gebirge angestroffenist, sogar im Midagahara von Hakusan, wo die Topographie zur Vermoorung vorteilhaft sein soll, kann man daselbst keine Moorpflanzengesellschaft finden. Nanryu-ga-Banba im Hakusan, eine Zattelebene zwischen dem Hauptgipfel und Bessan, ist eines seltnerer Exemplaren von den vermoorten Stellen. Es ist, meines Erachtens, zwar notwendig, extensivere Untersuchungen zu machen, um die Pflanzengesellschaften von einem Bezirk zu begreifen, aber sonst etwas intensivere Untersuchungen im besonderen Standort zu machen, ist effektiv, um eine kausale Beziehung zwischen den Pflanzengeellschaften und derem ursachliche Faktoren zu erklaren. Wir haben eine Linientaxierung durch eine vermoorte Flache anf einer Pfanne am Fuβ vom Berg Bessan durchgefuhrt. Die Ergebnisse der pflanzensoziologischen Untersuchung erkiaren in der Tabelle im Text, daβ sich 87 Pflanzenarten voneinander unterscheiden. Man kann sie durch tabellarisches Verfahren in die folgenden Gruppen unterteilen. 1. 6 (1-6) Kieferngebuschflora 2. 9 (7-15) Moorpflanzen 3. 3 (16-18) drei Moorteichpflanzen 4. 3 (19-21) Schneebodenzeiger 5. 15 (22-33) Nadelwaldflora 6. 5 (34-38) Gemeinsame Flora zum Kieferngebusch und dem Tannenwald 7. 13(39-51) Waldrandflora fur Kieferngebusch 8. 7(52-58) Indiferente Pflanzen 9. 15 (59-73) Waldrandflora fur Tannenwald 10. 14(74-87) Zufallige Arten Die Grundlinie lauft zuerst von einem Kieferngebusch von Pinus pumila, dann durch vermoorte Vegetation auf der Ebene, wo einige Moorteiche zerstreut sind, und steigt in einen niederen Tannenwald von Abies mariesii auf einem Zweiggrat hinauf und endet auf einer Gratlinie.
  • SHUKLA S.P.
    原稿種別: Article
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 12-18
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    Poriulaca quadrifida is an obnoxious weed of the vegetable fields of India. It is found throughout the year and resists normal cultivation practices. A large number of seeds produced by the weed are dormant due to their hard seed-coat. Seeds were given a number of pretreatments. Sulphuric acid treatment or dry storage for over 3 months, or high temperature (58℃) pre-treatment for about one month can overcome the dormancy of the seeds. Hard coat of the seed is, thus, primarily responsible for the dormancy. It acts as a barrier for entrance of the water. When once the dormancy is overcome, germination becomes controlled by external factors such as light, water-contents of soil and temperature. Alternation between low and intermediate temperatures gives higher percentage germination than the constant intermediate temperature. Specific temperature-requirement, thus, appears to be the main regulator of germination. Seeds can germinate over wide ranges of moisture-contents and photoperiods.
  • 小水内 正明
    原稿種別: 本文
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 19-23
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    In general, Betula ermani distributes at elevations in mountainous regions higher than that of B. platyphylla var. japonica in Japan. The difference between the distribution areas of these two kinds of birch is considered to be mainly due to the character of germination behaviour of their seeds. Using the seeds collected from the Kitakami Mountain Range in Iwate Pref., the author conducted some experiments on their germination. The materials were kept under three different conditions of I) 0-5℃, wet, 2) 0-5℃, dried and 3) 25-30℃, dried. They were preserved for five different lengths of 5,20,30,60,and 90 days under each condition. The results of the experiments were as follows : 1) Regardless of the condition or length of preservation, the seeds used for these experiments never germinated in the dark, and all of them seemed to be light germination seeds. 2) The minimum length of light exposition necessary for normal germination was two days for Betula platyphylla var. japonica and four days for B. ermani. Seeds preserved under wet condition for a long time germinated by only one treatment of short exposition to light (for ten minutes). 3) The days necessary for starting and finishing the germination were shorter in Betula platyphylla var. japonica than in B. ermani, though the days became shorter inversely to the length of preservation in both species. 4) As the temperature became lower, longer days were required for germination. Seeds preserved under dried condition never germinated in lower temperatures, but the ones preserved under wet condition germinated to a certain extent even under low temperature. 5) According to a preliminary observation, the growth of the seedlings of both species of Betula was promoted by the red part of visible ray.
  • 岩波 悠紀
    原稿種別: 本文
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 24-33
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    The tests of field-burning were carried out in the Sasa type grassland at the foot of Mt. Zao, Miyagi Prefecture. The temperature change during grassland fires at various heights were recorded automatically by means of iron-constantan thermocouples. The aboveground standing crop of Sasa palmata was about 540 g d. wt./m^2,and the total fuel including the dead body and litter attained to 1300-1400 g d. wt./m^2,of which about 50-95 per cent was burnt. The air temperature up to about 20cm height attained the maximum temperature in 30-90 seconds after the ignition, and the temperature change as the result of burning continued for 4-10 minutes. The maximum temperature recorded was about 400-800℃ at the height of 5 to 30 cm above the soil surface. On the other hand, the temperatures above 200℃ were maintained for 1-6 minutes at the height of 5-15 cm. In the plot where Sasa was grown for a long time, the duff layer (mixture of F layer and H layer) is very thick, attaining to even 5 cm. Even in case where the grassland was burnt exceedingly well, almost all of the duff layer remained unburnt and played a role of adiabatic effect. Therefore, the soil surface temperature of the Sasa type grassland was exceedingly lower than the Zoysia type grassland, to say nothing of the Miscanthus type grassland.
  • 二村 昭八
    原稿種別: 本文
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 34-39
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    Im Jahre 1967 erleidete Sudwestjapan eine schreckliche Sommer-und Fruhherbstdurre, wodurch nicht nur die Kulturpflanzen, sondern auch die Naturwalder geschadet wurden. Drei Probebestande vom Pittosporo-Quercetum phillyraeoidetis wurden vom Winter 1968 bis zum Sommer 1971 untersucht. Sie erschienen jedesmal auf etwa 1Ar Flache ganzverdorrt zu sein. Der Bestand auf dem nordwestlichen Hang, der mit Lyonia neziki-Variante identifiziert ist, erleidete den Schaden vom das Laub verlierenden Typus. Derjenige auf dem sudlichen Hang, der mit Nephvolepis cordifolia-Variante identifiziert ist, erleidete denjenigen vom verwelkt dastehenden Typus. Aber sie hatten sich durch Schoβlinge bis zum Sommer 1971 regeneriert. Also hat die Assoziation keinen wesentlichen Schaden erleidet. Der verwelkt dastehende Typus wurde fur die Wasserokonomie des Bestandes viel kritischer sein als der das Laub verlierende Typus, denn der Wasserverlust muβ so rasch stattgefunden haben, daβ die Enzymegruppe fur die Trennungsschichtenbildung nicht wirksam fungiert.
  • 木元 新作
    原稿種別: 本文
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 40-46
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of the paper is to analyse some regularities constituting the local insect fauna, based on the data of the geographical distributions of butterflies of the Japanese Archipelago including Ogasawara Is. and of leaf beetles of the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Island of Yakushima. 1) Relations of the total number of species (y) to areas (x). On the geographical distributions of butterflies of the Japanese Archipelago, the regression line and correlation coefficient are : log y=0.281 log x+0.971,r=+0.902,DF=68 On leafbeetles of the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Island of Yakushima, the formula is : log y=0.286 log x+1.083,r=+0.967,DF=4 2) Relations of average size of genera to the total number of species. The average number of species per genus increases in accordance with the increase of total number of species. However, in the case of butterflies the relations of the total number of genera (y) to the total number of species (x) can be given approximately by the following formula with correlation coefficient : y=0.652 x+5.141,r=+0.997,DF=68 In the case of leafbeetles, by : y=0.548 x+9.160,r=0.986,DF=4 3) Relations of index of diversity of genus to total number of species. Simpson's index of diversity (1949) is useful to examine the concentration or diversity of generic size in areas. The value increases in accordance with the increase of total number of species. The relations of index of diversity of genus (y) to total number of species (x) is given by : y=0.696 x+26.297,r=+0.866,DF=68 In the case of leafbeetles, by : y=0.614 x+27.769,r=+0.726,DF=4 (P (4,0.1)=0.729) In the case of leafbeetles the level of significance is only slightly larger than 10 per cent. Since there is little evidence available on this regularity, it is necessary to accumulate further evidence from other taxonomic groups.
  • MURTHY M..S.
    原稿種別: Article
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 47-49
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The work on the dominance, diversity and net production of the grasslands at Rajkot revealed that species diversity is negatively related to dominance, which is in essential agreement with the observations of SINGH and MISRA (1968) on the grasslands at Banaras. But, in an attempt to know the relation between dominance and stability, no relation could be appreciated. Hence, whether dominance makes the system stable or diversity generates community stability could not be read clearly, from the relations obtained. However, it is stressed that much more work should be done in this direction on all the Indian grasslands to make generalizations.
  • 藤巻 裕蔵
    原稿種別: 本文
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 50-
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 藤巻 裕蔵
    原稿種別: 本文
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 50-
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. i-viii
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. App2-
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 目次
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. Toc1-
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. App3-
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 目次
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. a-b
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 目次
    1972 年 22 巻 1 号 p. c-d
    発行日: 1972/02/20
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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