日本生態学会誌
Online ISSN : 2424-127X
Print ISSN : 0021-5007
ISSN-L : 0021-5007
24 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の19件中1~19を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. App1-
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 柴田 治, 内川 公人, 新井 澄, 木下 哲雄
    原稿種別: 本文
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 1-9
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    The secondary succession in the grassland of the Utsukuahigahara Heights (ca. 2000 m above sealevel), was investigated by using permanent quadrats set on May 31,1959 at 3 areas, covered respectively with thicker (area 2), mean (area 1) or thinner (area 3) snow during the winter. Each of these areas consisted of 3 experimental sections : the grassland protected from treading, the bare-ground newly prepared within the protected one, and the unprotected grassland. In 1969,the vegetation of the bare-ground (area 2) recovered to almost the previous condition. In area 1 and 3,however, the central zone of the bare-ground remained as it was, and only its peripheral zone was covered with grasses. In both the protected and unprotected grasslands, the vegetation was simplified due to the number of plant species reduced from year to year. The unprotected grassland was characterized by a considerable decrease of herbs coverage.
  • 山岸 宏
    原稿種別: 本文
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 10-21
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    Newly hatched larvae of the pond smelt tend to be distributed in the deeper layer of the profoundal region of Lake Suwa, probably after being carried by the inflow of the river where the hatchery is located. They begin to migrate with growth towards the sublittoral region. The succession of food organisms eaten by the larval and young pond smelts in the lake can be indicated as follows : rotifers (pro-larva and early post-larva)→copepod nauplii (early post-larva)→Bomsina and Mesocyclops (post-larva and young fish)→Leptodora and Diaphanosoma (young fish). Observations of cultured larvae in a glass aquarium showed that the larvae up to a body length of 11 mm or more caught their food by a darting movement produced by a S-shaped flexure of the body and those up to 16 mm or more swam in one or more schools gathering each other. In appendix, the relation of the progress of eutrophication in the lake to the annual catches of the pond smelt in the course of the recent thirteen years is discussed.
  • 平松 信夫
    原稿種別: 本文
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 22-25
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    There is a resemblance between Taraxacum officinale and Youngia japonica in that they have two peaks of flowering. Youngia japonica in the district may be said to be a perennial herb which scarcely withers after flowering. In Aster subulatus, there are some perennial individuals of which the stembases remain after flowering and then bud next spring. Although Galinsoga parviflora somewhat declines in number of individuals in winter, it germinates, grows, blooms, and bears fruit throughout the year. Chrysanthemum indicum and Aster hispidus are seen till about March at the seaside districts. Some of the latter are perennial. The author made clear, in this paper, the attachable term of mature seeds on several wild herbs, which had never been reported.
  • 塩田 正行
    原稿種別: 本文
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 26-29
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    栃木県鬼怒川上流の鬼怒湿原泥炭(高度2,000m)の花粉垂直分布図は, 12kmを隔てる尾瀬ケ原湿原でかつて中村(1951)が得たそれに似ているが, との鬼怒湿原の場合は基盤に接する最下層でBetulaが殆んど独占的(93%)である.これは晩氷期のAllerod期の気候温暖化に伴って最初にこの湿原付近に成立した森林がBetulaの林であったことをよく示すものと考えられる.シラどソ, ダケモミ, トウヒ, エゾマツ, キタゴヨウマツ, アカマツのなまの花粉について, この3属の花粉の識別法を吟味した.気嚢を含む全長, 細胞本体の長径と短径がそれぞれ95,75,60μを越えるものはAbiesとPiceaのいずれかで, それ以下のものはPinusである.AbiesとPiceaはこの3項では区別できないが, 腹面で測られる両気嚢間の距離がPiceaでは総て20μ以上のものの%(x)を算えれば, Abiesの%はx/75×100として概算できる。他方Abiesでは大抵は気嚢が円っこくてそのつけねの縊れが顕著である.Piceaは典型的のものは気嚢が平べったく縊れが顕著でない.しかしPiceaではこのような特徴が明瞭でないものが約30%にも達し, それがAbiesと誤認される憂がある.先ずAbiesの%を気嚢間の距離と気嚢の形態から推定して残りをPiceaとするのがよい.
  • 山本 教子
    原稿種別: 本文
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 30-34
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    In another paper, the author reported on the food items of wild Japanese black bears, analysed from their stomach-contents and feces. The present paper deals with some calorimetric consideration of the food of the animcal in wild state and in zoos. Each food item from the stomach-contents was newly collected in the field and measured by a bomb calorimeter. The results are shown in Table 1,and the total sustaining calories of each stomach content can be accumulated, as shown in Table 2. The largest value is 2200 kcal. It may be estimated that under the digestion-and absorption-rate is 50 percent, one satiety in a wild bear involves about 1000 kcal nutrition. On the other hand, baits for the animal in zoos contain 4536 kcal a day, as shown in Table 3,and a wild bear requires at least 4000 kcal inthe author's view. In Japan, the cutting of the natural forest, causing the lack of foods for the bear, makes it hunger and drives the animal to damage farm crops.
  • 酒井 昭
    原稿種別: 本文
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 35-42
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    Dormant one-year-old twigs of about 60 tree species were collected from mature trees growing in different altitudes on Yakushima Island in early January. Evergreen broad-leaf trees growing in the low altitudes below 200 m above sea level, resisted freezing between -3 and -15℃, with the exception of Ficus retusa and Kandella Candel. Most of the tree species growing near the top of Mt. Taichu (1511 m) resisted freezing to -20℃. Three species, Sorbus commixta, Pieris japonica, Rhododendron Metternichii survived freezing down to -25℃ or below. Abies firma collected at about 1200 m altitude was hardy to about -25℃. This fir was found to be nearly as hardy as those of the northern boundary of its natural ranges, Fukushima Prefecture. A similar trend was observed in most of the evergreen broad-leaf trees from between Yakushima Island and Ibaraki Prefecture. However, slight intraspecific differences were observed in the freezing resistance among the evergreen broad-leaf and coniferous trees tested. These differences generally appeared to be closelv related to the winter coldness of their native habitats.
  • 手塚 泰彦, 渡辺 義人, 林 秀剛, 福永 栄, 相崎 守弘
    原稿種別: 本文
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 43-49
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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    多摩川中流域はここ10年ばかりの間に流域の都市化に伴なって著しく汚濁化してきている.そこで, 汚濁河川の物質代謝を解明する手がかりとして, 比較的清洌な青梅市付近から汚濁の著しい丸子橋にかけての5地点で水質の変化を追跡するとともに, これに対応して付着性微生物(藻類および細菌)の現存量がどのように変化するかを, 1971年8月と1972年3月の2回にわたって, 調査した.その結果, 付着性の藻類, 細菌の現存量はどちらも上流から下流にかけて顕著に増大することが判明した.すなわち, 丸子橋付近の最大現存量はクロロフィル(a+b)として1,080mg/m^2,生菌数として1.6×10^9細胞/cm^2,全菌数として1.0×10^<10>細胞/cm^3であった.これらの付着性微生物は汚濁河川の自浄作用に大きく貢献しているものと思われるが, 菌体自身が二次的な汚染物質として機能している可能性も大きい.
  • 杉山 幸丸, 大沢 秀行
    原稿種別: 本文
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 50-59
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Population dynamics of the regional population of the Japanese macaques at Ryozenyama were studied from the point of view of demography. Most males, perhaps all, left their original troop, mainly between 4 and 6 years old. Sexual interaction with females of the troop was maintained by males who came from outside the troop. Even females with her offspring occasionally left the troop and some of them may have delivered the young outside the troop. If this is comomn among the Japanese macaques, the population dynamics of its regional population is more complicated than expected.
  • K.R. SHARMA, K.G. MUKERJI
    原稿種別: 本文
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 60-63
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    A systematic study was done with regard to the incidence of Candida albicans on Sesamum leaves at different stages of their development and during senescence. The pathogen was isolated consistently on the green leaves but its populations were minimal when the leaves underwent decomposition. Quantitative and statistical evidences were obtained to show that the pathogen multiplied profusely on the leaf surface, and especially so, at the onset of senescence when flowering of the plant was at its maximum. It is concluded that the phylloplane is one of the natural habitats for the occurrence of C. albicans.
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 64-
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 64-67
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. App2-
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 目次
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. Toc1-
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. App3-
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 目次
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. iii-iv
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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  • 原稿種別: 目次
    1974 年 24 巻 1 号 p. v-vi
    発行日: 1974/03/30
    公開日: 2017/04/11
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