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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
Cover1-
Published: March 30, 1982
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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Kazuo HOZUMI, Michio ISHIHARA, Kichiro SHINOZAKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
1-6
Published: March 30, 1982
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A simple mathematical model originating from SHINOZAKI'S model is proposed to simulate one-predator-one-prey system. To construct the model the following assumptions are made : the prey-density (or biomass) follows the logistic curve and rate of its loss is proportional to the predator-density (or biomass), the predator-density follows the logistic curve whose asymptore is proportional to the prey-density, the intrinsic growth rates of both species are equal to each other and furthermore they equal the product of the proportional constants relating to the rate of loss and the asymtore of predator. The analytical solutions of the present non-linear model distinguish between various patterns of time courses of predator and prey densities, and they show that both species will become extinct after a long time. Despite the simplicity of the model, the solutions simulate the data of predator-prey dynamics of mites observed by HUFFAKER (1958) well.
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Sakuji FURUNISHI, Sinzo MASAKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
7-13
Published: March 30, 1982
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The seasonal progression of larval development in two sepcies of ant-lion was studied near Hirosaki. Hagenomyia micans was observed to pass the first winter in either the first or second instar and the second winter in the third (last) instar. Some larvac might take three years to mature, hibernating twice in the third instar. Myrmeleon formicarius hibernates at any instar usually for only once in the larval life and exceptionally passes the second winter in the last instar. Both species can thus tolerate winter dormancy at any larval stage. This characteristic seems to have evolved in connection with the pitfall method of hunting, for the food supply and therefore the larval growth should necessarily be inter-mittent and unpredictable. The longer generation time in H.micans may be an adaptation to the scarcity of food relative to its large size. In spite of the variable seasonal progression of larval development, the reproductive activity in both species occurred over a restricted period in summer, suggesting the existence of some mechanism to synchronize the adult eclosion.
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Nobuaki ICHIJO, Masahito T. KIMURA, Katsura BEPPU
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
15-20
Published: March 30, 1982
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Altitudinal distribution and seasonal cycles of drosophilid flies were studied at Mt.Soranuma near Sapporo City, northern Japan. Most species were more abundant at lower altitudes, and some species occurred at every altitudes. Only one species was collected mostly at high altitudes. A greater part of high altitude populations of these species was considered to be formed by immigrants from low a1titudes.
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Takeo KAWAMICHI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
21-27
Published: March 30, 1982
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The purposes of the present study are to examine the validity of two methods for measurement of home range and to reveal factors affecting sizes of home range and territory on the basis of direct observation of the pika (Ochotona princeps, Lagomorpha). Home range size was estimated by two methods : 1) Home ranges outlined by connecting the outermost periphery of moving routes were calculated with a planimeter. 2) A home range map was superimposed on a 5-m grid system, and home range size was obtained by counting the number of utilized squares. Home range size calculated only by the second method was apparently overestimated. Home range size was affected by sex, age, dominance rank and the size of rock slides. Home range size was smaller and population density was higher in small rock slides than in a large rock slide. Due to occasional invasions of males into other territories, the mean percentage of territories to home ranges was much lower in male than in female, and the home range size often increased after the observation area curve had attained the plateau. The results of the present study strongly suggest that live-trapping procedures are inadequate for making realistic estimates of home ranges.
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Masayuki YASUNO, Junko OHKITA, Shigehisa HATAKEYAMA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
29-38
Published: March 30, 1982
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Drifting pattern of macrozoobenthos in a stream after the application of emulsifiable temephos and subsequent changes of the fauna were studied. The drift of benthos began in general following the peak of the concentration of insecticide at respective points. However some species delayed further in their drift. Simulium larvae belonged to the early drifting group. These drift patterns generally corresponded to the susceptibility to the insecticide. Hydropsyche ulmeri survived in all the regions. The benthos in the upperstream and the subtributaries, which were not exposed, seemed not to contribute to the recolonization. Three months after the treatment. Chironomid larvae outbroke. This outbreak was followed with the increase of Baetis sp. These results seemed to be caused by the lack of predators and competitors. The destruction of fauna provoked the bloom of algae. The blooming algae was a subordinate species in this region. This bloom also provided food for chironomids.
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Yasuro KADONO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
39-44
Published: March 30, 1982
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The occurrence of aquatic macrophytes (excluding genus Potamogeton) was studied in relation to pH, alkalinity, Ca^<++>, Cl^- and conductivity of water, based on the samples collected from 500 sites throughout Japan. The results are presented regarding 20 species found in more than 10 sites. Most of the species showed more or less wide tolerance ranges as regards five chemical parameters, but some preferences were made clear by means of statistical procedures. The occurrence of many species had the significant correlations with pH, alkalinity and Ca^<++> of water. Cl^- appeared to be less important in the distribution of aquatic macrophytes.
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Soetikno S. SASTROUTOMO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
45-55
Published: March 30, 1982
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Biomass of aquatic macrophytes and selected environmental factors were measured in August 1979 for 51 quadrats in Lake Aino-numa, Miyagi ; 21 quadrats for helophyte and 30 quadrats for hydrophyte communities. Dominant helophyte species included Zizania latifolia, Carex faponica, Equisetum limosum, Phragmites communis and Scirpus fluviatilis. Dominant hydrophyte species included Spirodela polyrhiza (free-floating) ; Trapa bispinosa, Nelumbo nucifera and Hydrocharis dubia (floating leaved) ; Potamogeton maackianus, Ceratophyllum demersum and Hydrilla verticillata (submerged). The average total biomass was 630,286,525 and 114 gm^<-2> for emergent, floating leaved, submerged and freefloating types, respectively. Total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil showed positive correlations with total biomass of helophyte communities, while in hydrophyte communities soil conductivity and available phosphorus showed negative correlations with total biomass.
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Tohru NAKASHIZUKA, Makoto NUMATA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
57-67
Published: March 30, 1982
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Regeneration process of a climax beech forest in Kayano-Daira, Nagano Prefecture, Central Japan, was studied in relation to its structure, especially to an undergrowth of Sasa. The trees of small and middle size classes had contagious distribution, and most of them in the same contagion were confirmed to have emerged within 40-60 years from gap formation. This structure of the forest supports the idea on the regeneration process filling small gaps made after the death and falling over of a single or a few trees. Gap-phase regeneration seemed to be not only inhibited but also synchronized by the simultaneous death of Sasa.
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Yutaka SAITO, Kenichi TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
69-78
Published: March 30, 1982
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Experimental studies were conducted to determine if the two sympatric populations (called long seta form and medium seta form) of Schizotetranychus celarius (BANKS) which made different nest in size were intraspecific variation or sibling species. Morphological differences were clearly recognized in the length of two pairs of setae and they related to the differences of nesting habit. Because the life history parameters in these two forms were similar, there was no evidence that the life history correlated to these morphological and ecological differences. On the other hand, there was clear post-mating reproductive isolation between two forms. Though some other problems remained, it was thought that these results suggested these two forms are considered sibling species.
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Fusayuki KANDA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
79-85
Published: March 30, 1982
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Species composition and density of Dictyostelid cellular slime molds in alder forests in the Kushiro moor and its surrounding district were investigated by means of a clonal isolation technique. A total of 830 clones was produced on agar plates using pregrown bacteria as a nutrient. Seven species, Dictyostelium mucoroides BREFELD, D.minutum RAPER, D.purpureum OLIVE, D.lacteum VAN TIEGHEM, D.discoideum RAPER, Polysphondylium pallidum OLIVE and P.violaceum BREFELD, were included. In this study, absolute densities, relative densities and frequencies of the cellular slime molds in each collecting sites and presence values of each species throughout the area of study were calculated. The composition and density in the alder forests were discussed as compared with those in the high moor of the Kushiro moor and other places reported previously.
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Hideki SAITO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
87-98
Published: March 30, 1982
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The primary production in a 48-year-old plantation of C.obtusa reported in the privious papers was studied at Mt.Watamuki-yama in Shiga Prefecture. Eight sample trees were felled and weighed after the stratified clip technique. Allometric relations between D^2H and amounts of various tree parts were used for estimating the biomass and annual increment of the stand per hectare. Branch and leaf biomass in August obtained this time (branch 24.0,leaf 19.2 t ha^<-1> in oven-dry wt.) agreed well those obtained 8 years ago on the same stand. Judging from this and the fact that there was no difference in the number of living trees in the stand during 8 years, it can be said that the biomass increase of above-ground parts was limitted in stem. Mean of annual net production rate among the 10 years from 1967 to 1976 was estimated at 16.5 t ha^<-1>y^<-1> (13.9 t ha^<-1>y^<-1> for aboveground). The range of the net production rates through over 10 years was estimated from 13 to 20 t ha^<-1>y^<-1> in terms of annual changes in stem increment rates and in sum of production rates of stem, leaf and reproductive organs. Net production rate in 1976 was amounted to 15.9 t ha^<-1>y^<-1> (14.3 t ha^<-1>y^<-1> for aboveground).
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Yoshimune MORITA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
99-106
Published: March 30, 1982
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In order to determine to the same time zone of the past in Hakkoda Mountains, Aomori prefecture, the horizon of tephra layers in 24 pollen diagrams were compared. From this horizon, isopollen map, displaying the distributional pattern of pollen was drawn, and based on these results the past vegetation map at the period just before the Towada-a ash fall in Hakkoda Mountains was drawn.
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D.K. KHARE, P.K. KHARE, G.P. MISHRA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
107-110
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Hidenobu KUNII
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
111-112
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Matsuo TSUKADA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
113-118
Published: March 30, 1982
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Fagus trees began to expand in distribution northwards and to higher elevations from coastal refugia south of 38°N latitude ca.12,000 years ago. The Japan Sea and Pacific populations presumably merged around the Mabechi River area ca. 9,000 years ago. After its initial arrival at each new site, Fagus pollen showed a logistic increase in tree abundance. The intrinsic rate of population growth (λ in yr^<-1>) in near-optimal growing conditions ranges widely from 0.0017 to 0.0055 (which are still typical values for climax forest species). At Lake Nojiri, the λ value in the relative frequency curve (0.0055) is higher than that in the absolute influx (gr cm^<-2>yr^<-1>) curve (0.0037), definitely suggesting that changes of the relative pollen frequency in the early developmental phase of the forest were affected by declines and increases in the abundance of other species.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
119-
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
119-
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
120-127
Published: March 30, 1982
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Index
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
Toc1-
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
App2-_a_
Published: March 30, 1982
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Article type: Index
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
c-d
Published: March 30, 1982
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Article type: Index
1982 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
e-g
Published: March 30, 1982
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