日本生態学会誌
Online ISSN : 2424-127X
Print ISSN : 0021-5007
ISSN-L : 0021-5007
32 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の20件中1~20を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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  • 鈴木 英治, 沼田 真
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 129-142
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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    Elymus mollis, an introduced species, was planted on the seaward slope of sand banks constructed along the coast of Kuju-Kuri Hama (sand beach), central Japan, some 15 years ago. Since that time, the zone of Elymus has advanced seaward at a speed of about 5 m/yr, which was 2.5 times as fast as that of land accretion. Since E. mollis produced few seeds at Kuju-Kuri, the advancement was solely caused by the elongation of new rhizomes, whose mean length amounted to 4.8 m. Certain native species such as Carex kobomugi established themselves behind the Elymus zone and was replacing E. mollis. Saccharum spontaneum var. arenicola, which was planted on the opposite (landward) slope of the banks, remained on the slope without further spreading, being gradually replaced by Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii. The mechanism of these changes and local differences in the semi-natural vegetation of the coast were discussed.
  • 沢田 信一, 高橋 昌洋, 笠石 義広
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 143-150
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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    In Tsugaru district, Aomori Prefecture, the floors of apple orchards are generally covered with vegetations which are subjected to periodical mowings and are dominated by a naturalized species of dandelion, T. officinale, and an indigenous one, T. hondoense. This study describes the population dynamics of these two species of dandelion and their dry matter production processes in an attempt to observe their adaptive strategies to artificial distrubance by mowings. In the sites occupied with small numbers of T. officinale, T. hondoense were frequently more aboundant than T. officinale, whereas with an increase in the density of T. officinale, the density of T. hondoense steadily decreased. The density of the dandelion seedlings linearly decreased with the increase in the total density of adult dandelions. Compared with T. hondoense, T. officinale showed ability to reconstruct rapidly a large quantity of leaves relative to other organs during short periods between each mowing. Individuals of T. offcinale had an average of 2.5 shoots (internodes), ranging from one to six, whereas most individuals of T. hondonse had only one shoot. No statistically significant correlation could be found between the distributional pattern of the dandelion density and the environmental factors including relative light intensity, soil moisture, total carbon and total nitrogen contents of soil and soil pH in their living sites.
  • 田中 康男, 手塚 泰彦
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 151-158
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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    To clarify the ecological characteristics of detritus-attached bacteria as compared with free-living bacteria, a model system consisted of seawater, powder of Phragmites communis as detrital particles, and natural bacterial population was incubated for 116 days. Fractionation of deteritus-attached and free-living bacteria was made by filtration through a Nuclepore filter with 5 μm porosity. Loosely detritus sorbed bacteria were separated from detritus by treatment with a Wahring blender before the filtration and included in free-living bacteria. All number ratios of glucose, cellobiose-, starch- and casein-decomposing bacteria to viable heterotrophic bacteria were higher for attached bacteria than those for free-living bacteria during almost all incubation period. The composition of colony types was different between attached and free-living bacteria. These results suggest that the flora and abilities to decompose organic substances were different between these two bacterial populations. The number ratio of free-living bacteria to attached bacteria for each colony type was markedly different between two dominant colony types. Pure culture experiments using the two bacterial species isolated from above two colony types indicated that this difference may be due to the difference in their intrinsic attachment properties to detritus.
  • 塚田 松雄
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 159-187
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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    The theoretical dispersal distance of Pseudotsuga menziesii pollen is short ; over 90% of its pollen falls within a distance of 800 m from the source forest. The diagnostic (D) factor [relative pollen frequency divided by the pollen deposition number for individual species, or the reciprocal number of the total pollen influx (gr cm^<-2>yr^<-1>)] of Pseudotsuga is higher in PI time than later in PII and PIII because the postglacial forest vegetation has been successively developed by filling empty niches in the Pacific Northwest. By employing the conversion (C) factor (the averaged D value in each pollen zone), percentage diagrams published earlier are converted to approximate absolute deposition curves. It then clearly shows that Pseudotsuga stands were sparsely distributed in the Willamette Valley and the southern Puget Lowland during the full-glacial period. These scattered populations became the source of modern Pseudotsuga forests in the northern Pacific coastal region. It spread almost over the Pacific Northwest by 10,500 years ago. Immediately after its arrival in the Puget Lowland, Pseudotsuga then increased logistically, and the intrinsic rate of the population growth is extremely high (0.00606-0.01033 yr^<-1>), a typical value for pioneering arboreal species. Refugia of the interior population are not clear, yet one can conclude that Pseudotsuga reached northern Idaho by 10,000 years B.P. from southern sites and then migrated westwards.
  • 馬場 稔, 土肥 昭夫, 小野 勇一
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 189-198
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    Home range and activity studies were carried out by radio-tracking and direct observation on nine giant flying squirrels. The radio-tagged animals utilized their home ranges heterogeneously, and heavily used areas corresponed with the patchy distribution of secondary forests which were the major food resources. Home ranges were considerably overlapped with one another especially at a shrine courtyard where nesting sites were clumped. Mature forest providing tree holes suitable for nesting appeared to be indispensable for their settlement. The range size varied from 0.46 to 5.16 ha. The shape and size of the range are considered to depend on the distributional pattern of food and nesting sites. Further, they occasionally shifted their heavily used areas, which suppsed to be caused by the local shifting of food availability. Their gliding ability directly connected patchily distributed resources by one or a few glidings. Thus, their heterogeneous utilization within their home ranges can be more easily investigated than any terrestrial mammals.
  • 鈴木 啓祐
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 199-206
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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    A new mathematical model for analyzing the mechanism of population growth of plants by which simulations could be performed were proposed. In this model, spatial structures of surviving plants and dispersion of seeds were introduced. As a result of simulation performed by using the model, oscillating growth curve whose outline was similar to the logistic curve was obtained. According to the result obtained, the number of plants grew more quickly and the maximum level of growth curve became higher as the number of seeds produced by a plant increased or as the physical length of life was lengthened, and the growth curve had oscillations so far as the physicallength of life was finite.
  • 沼田 真, 田中 肇
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 207-212
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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    As one of the structural and dynamic analyses of plant communities using life-forms, the pollination type specturum was applied to various stages of succession from the pioneer to the climax. Self-pollination (S) and apogamous (A) types shown in Table 1 are relatively important in stages immediately after denudation, and then wind pollination type (W) gradually increases in pioneer stages. In the forest with its canopy of W, insect (I) and bird pollination (B) types increase their dominance in the understory.
  • 辻村 東國
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 213-218
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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    Carex angustisquama grow only in solfataras. The author forcussed on the colony formation as the feature of their mode of life, which might contribute to their success of growth under the environment of solfataras. The meaning of the colony formation for the growth of them, and its causal relation were analysed. The results showed that the quantity of leaves and rhizomes were increased with the enlargement of colonies. To analyse the causal relation of these increase, the difference of the quantity of these two characters, which was observed for one-aged ramets in one colony, was chiefly related with the quantity of the rhizomes of their mother ramets. It was clarified that if the mother ramets did not formed over ground parts, the quantity of rhizomes and leaves of one-aged ramets were correlated with that of the rhizomes closely connected to them. Accordingly, it was considered that, as for the increase of the growth with the enlargement of colonies, rhizomes accumulated in colonies might perform important roles.
  • 小林 克実
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 219-226
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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    When the areal expansion of a M. sinensis patch amounted to about 1000 cm^2 after which there was a declivity in numbers of new peripheral shoots, annual mean increments in raduis of patch area decreased by 2.7 from 4.2 cm. Such a larger patch, furthermore, tended to decrease its possessory area four years of the study. A patch area increased markedly for six months from early summer to late autumn, but in July to August the rate of areal increments or of shoot gains once descended surely because of the decline or delay of secondary tillering at the exterior subarea of the patch, especially among larger patches. While the rate of shoot losses at the exterior subarea of a larger patch was lower in May to June and higher in July to August ; at the interior subarea the reverse took place. Therefore, in mid-summer, a reducing area increased markedly.
  • 広木 詔三, 松原 輝男
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 227-240
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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    The seed and seedling stages of 19 species and 2 varieties of Fagaceae in Japan were studied comparatively. These species were clasified into two groups on the basis of the difference of germination rate. One is the group of species whose seeeds germinate rapidly after their falling, and then elongate their roots long enough within the mast year. Another is the group of species whose seeds do not germinate until the next spring of the mast year. The species of Lepidobalanus show the large diversity of seedfalling time and germination rate. This diversity corresponds to their distributional diversity, that is, the species of Lepidobalanus distribute widely in cool temperate and warm temperate zone. Contrary to this diversity of Lepidobalanus, the species of Cyclobalanopsis show similarity of seed-falling time and germination rate. Corresponding to this similarity, the species of Cyclobalanopsis distribute only within warm temperate zone. The distribution and behavior of some important species such as Fagus crenata, Castanopsis cuspidata, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, Quercus variabilis, Q. acutissima, etc. were discussed precisely using field and experimental results on the seed and seedling stages.
  • 池田 愛一郎, 依田 恭二
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 241-249
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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    Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in surface soil samples collected from 76 sites (bare ground) in Sakai City near Osaka were determined. Their distribution maps indicated that the main sources of Zn, Cu and Cd existed in the coastal industrial area at the NW end of the city, from which the pollutants were distributed over the inland parts by prevailing westerly wind. The heaviest pollution of Pb was, on the other hand, found somewhat inland at the city center, suggesting that the heavy motor traffic was mainly responsible for the Pb pollution. The correlation among the concentrations of Zn, Cu and Cd was always strongly positive (r>0.8), whereas the positive correlation between Pb and one of the other elements was less close (r<0.67). This fact also suggested the difference of sources between Pb and the other metals. Mean levels of heavy metal pollution in soils of Sakai City and extremely high concentrations observed near metal-working factories showed that the soil pollution has already gone too far in Sakai and probably in other similar industrial cities of Japan.
  • 神田 房行
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 251-253
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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  • 小林 四郎
    原稿種別: 本文
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 255-258
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 259-
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. 260-274
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. i-
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. Cover3-
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1982 年 32 巻 2 号 p. Cover4-
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2017/04/12
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