日本生態学会誌
Online ISSN : 2424-127X
Print ISSN : 0021-5007
ISSN-L : 0021-5007
42 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の19件中1~19を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. App1-
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 門脇 正史
    原稿種別: 本文
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 1-7
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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    Niche breadth and overlap of diets among two sympatric snake species, Elaphe quadrivirgata and Rhabdophis tigrinus, in the paddy fields in Yamagata were studied for four years (1983-1986). Stomach contents were taken by forced regurgitation and classified into five major categories or eight minor categories : major categories mainly consist of taxonomical groups (e.g. frogs or voles) and minor categories indicate species in a major category. In the major categories, frogs were found to be the most dominant for both E. quadrivirgata and R. tigrinus with food niche breadth, 0.331 (E. quadrivirgata) and 0.441 (R. tigrinus). Food resource overlap was 0.879 in the major categories. In the minor categories, Japanese tree frogs, Hyla japonica were most dominant among the two snake species with food niche breadth, 0.513 (E. quadrivirgata) and 0.600 (R. tigrinus). Food resource overlap was 0.875. Thus, the food breadth was slightly wider among R. tigrinus than E. quadrivirgata with high food resource overlap in both categories. No difference in food size and the distribution of the captured spots was found between the two snake species. Seasonal niche overlap was high (0.788). Abundant frogs as prey items of the snakes would permit a high overlap of food resources between the two snake species in the field studied.
  • 大垣 俊一, 野池 元基
    原稿種別: 本文
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 9-20
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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    Influence of the land development activity on the coral reef in Shiraho, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa (24°23′N, 124°12′E) was investigated. Farmland development and watercourse embankment have been going on since 1984,in the catchment area of the Todoroki River which flows into this reef area. The top soil is often washed off from the areas where these activites take place into the river and is transported into the sea on and after heavy rains. Turbid water tends to extend around and north of the river mouth, and in this area sediment particles which are easily resuspended are abundant on the sea bed. There was less live coral cover and more dead coral cover around and north of the river mouth than in the southern area in 1989,and the live coral cover seems to have decreased in this area between 1984 and 1989. Scarcity of live coral and abundance of deal coral in the area with heavy sedimentation, as well as decline in live coral during active land development suggests that the human activity in the hinterland induced the degradation of the coral assemblage near the mouth of the Todoroki River.
  • 山中 三男, 伊藤 由美子, 石川 愼吾
    原稿種別: 本文
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 21-30
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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    A palynological study was made of the samples taken from the Okou mire deposits in the central part of the Kochi Plain, in southern Shikoku. Two pollen zones were established in the pollen diagrams ; (1) the Castanopsis-Cyclobalanopsis zone (-250〜-90 cm) and (2) the Pinus-Cyclobalanopsis-Alnus zone (-90〜0 cm). The first zone is characterized by the dominance of the climatic climax forest in the area studied, and the second one by the fall of the natural forest and the rise of the secondary one owing to human agencies. Rice cultivation probably began during the Late Jomon Age (about 2,800〜3,000 years ago). Buckwheat cultivation possibly began during the Early or Middle Jomon Age (about 5,000〜7,000 years ago).
  • 山本 哲也, 中根 周歩, 高橋 史樹
    原稿種別: 本文
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 31-43
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of soil-macrofauna on the phosphorus cycle was studied in a Japanese red pine forest in Fuchu-cho, Hiroshima Pref. The cylindrical vessels, filled with A_0 layer and mineral soil as they had been in the field, were set in the forest floor, and different densities of isopod Sphaerillo spp. were confined in the vessels in April 1987. The vessels were recovered in September and December 1987,and March 1988,and soluble and total phosphorus contents of A_0 layer and mineral soil were analyzed. The surviving Sphaerillo spp. in the vessels had decreased with time. This decreasing process depended on their density, and finally the number of individuals in the vessel became nearly equal between different initial densities. It appears that the soil vessel method used in this study is suitable for the experimentation of decomposition and feeding of soil animals over a long period. The more the cumulative fresh weight index (total fresh weight×experimental duration) of Sphaerillo spp. become in a vessel, the less the leaf litter, and soluble and total phosphorus remained in L layer. Thus the significant effects of Sphaerillo spp. on the phosphorus cycle in the L layer were quantitatively confirmed, but the effects in the F+H layers and mineral soil layer were obscure owing to the background concentration of phosphorus.
  • 小林 克実
    原稿種別: 本文
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 45-59
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    From continuous observation over a ten year period of several clonal patches of Miscanthus sinensis in a warm region, Shizuoka Prefecture, it was confidently ascertained that the rate of enlargement of the patch size decreased with age, until it reached a maximum patcharea. A simulation based on the five patches mentioned above, together with additional observations of many other patches over a shorter period, showed that a patch which had reached about 90% of its maximum size (4300 cm2) had aged about thirteen years since its emergence as a seedling. Observations of the relative growth rate in a patch-area have elucidated that the tillering index, defined as the ratio of the number of shoots actually tillered to the number of tillering shoots that developed during the previous autumn, tended to decline in the peripheral shoot-population of a large patch. This seemed to be the primary cause of delay in the expansion of a large patch-area by sympodial branching of rhizomes. This delay was considered to occur naturally because of the accumulation of withered parts of a patch. In a M. sinensis patch, the descent in the tillering index resulting from its accumulation seemed to be unavoidable because of an insufficient cost for rhizome growth ; namely an extremely low ratio of rhizome length to shoot height (L/H ratio) and/or because of a lack of plasticity in rhizome branching ; namely a nearly fixed direction of the branching.
  • 北村 系子, 奥泉 久人, 関 剛, 新山 馨, 白石 進
    原稿種別: 本文
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 61-69
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mating systems of Fagus crenata and F. japonica populations in Ogawa Forest Reserve, in the southern part of Abukuma mountains, were investigated using polymorphic allozyme loci. F. japonica consists of numerous clumps of stems and it seemed to regenerate not only by seeds but by sprouts. Six enzyme systems were used to identify genetic individuals in these clumps. Genotypes and zymograms of stems agree well within clumps, while they did not between clumps. These facts imply that each clump was considered a unique individual and that lateral expansion of genets was apparently ineffective. Frequency of homozygotes in the F. crenata population was found to be greater than expected under the assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg distribution of genotypes. The inbreeding coefficient of the F. crenata population using two polymorphic loci was 0.68 (Lap-3) and 0.60 (Dia), indicating that high frequency of inbreeding has occurred in this population. In the F. japonica population, however, frequency of homozygotes did not differ from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations, suggesting that mating behavior varies between species in this study.
  • 藤原 道郎, 豊原 源太郎, 波田 善夫, 岩月 善之助
    原稿種別: 本文
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 71-79
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    Secondary pine forests which belong to Querco glaucae-Pinetum densiflorae dicranopteridetosum linearis were phytosociologically studied in Funakoshi, Hiroshima City, with special attention given to the catastrophic withering of pines from pine wilt disease. The degree of damage to pine forests corresponded well to the successional stages of this subassociation : Eurya japonica, Quercus glauca, Ardisia japonica and Ardisia crenata stages. Damage was not so heavy in the Eurya japonica stage, while it was quite heavy in the Quercus glauca, Ardisia japonica and Ardisia crenata stages. Pine forests in the Eurya japonica stage will remain but those in the Ardisia japonica and Ardisia crenata stages will change to Quercus glauca forests.
  • 達 良俊, 大沢 雅彦
    原稿種別: 本文
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 81-93
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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    Eight years of changes in an abandoned and isolated pine-plantation (Pinus densiflora SIEB. et ZUCC.) were studied by using the permanent quadrat method in the urban landscape of Chiba in central Japan. In this study we focused on the dynamic pattern of floristic and structural features of a seral forest under drastic changes, such as the abandonment of the management of the pine-plantation, mass-dieback of the dominant pine trees and urbanization processes. The component species of the forest were grouped into five ecological groups, i.e. Pinus, Carpinus-Prunus, Quercus, Aphananthe, and Neolitsea types. They share the vertical strata in a forest, invade orderly, and exhibit differential population dynamics, i.e. declining, maintaining, and increasing populations in the order. The Aphananthe and Neolitsea types have recruitment of trees. The Aphananthe type is especially interesting because of its special adaptation for disturbed/productive ruderal habitats such as urban forest islands. These five types can be regarded as the representative species of each seral stage in the secondary succession.
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 95-96
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 立川 賢一
    原稿種別: 本文
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 97-98
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 99-105
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. App2-
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 原稿種別: 目次
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. Toc1-
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. App3-
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. Cover3-
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1992 年 42 巻 1 号 p. Cover4-
    発行日: 1992/04/10
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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