日本生態学会誌
Online ISSN : 2424-127X
Print ISSN : 0021-5007
ISSN-L : 0021-5007
50 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1~16を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 目次
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. Toc1-
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. i-
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 見塩 昌子, 川窪 伸光
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 93-98
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Comparison of shoot phenology between C3 and C4 grasses growing in open sites in lowland Gifu revealed contrasting phenology in xeric (or mesic) habitats. C3 species were evergreen or winter-green and flowered mainly in spring, whereas C4 species were summer-green and flowered mainly in summer and autumn. Differences in flowering times between C3 and C4 species when they attained maximum height would reduce competition between them and facilitate their cooccurrence. On the other hand, in hydric habitats, some C3 species had growing and flowering times that overlapped with those of C4 species. Thus, seasonal dominance of C3 and C4 species appears to differ between xeric and hydric habitats.
  • 五十嵐 八枝子
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 99-110
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Kyogoku Mire is located on a volcanic plateau in the mountains of southwestern Hokkaido. It lies in the subalpine zone, about 870m a.s.l., where Picea jezoensis-Betula ermanii mixed forests and Betula ermanii forests grow. It is the oldest highland mire in Hokkaido : the base of the peat layer was dated at 12,430 yr BP. Samples from two points in the mire and from a Picea glehnii forest floor were studied for pollen, sediment facies, and radiocarbon ages. During the last late-glacial, the vegetation changed repeatedly with short-term climatic changes. Grassland and open forest composed of Larix, Pinus, Picea, and Betula grew before 12,430 yr BP. The mire originated with climatic warming and heavy snowfall during the interstadial around 12,300 yr BP. After the establishment of the mire, Larix, Pinus, and Selaginella selaginoides shifted to higher elevations. They survived between 10,000 and 6,000 yr BP on the sediments around the mire that were derived from higher areas by mass movement. Although Larix disappeared by 8,000 yr BP in most of lowland Hokkaido, it survived at the mire 2,000 years longer. Two periods of Quercus increase were recognized. During the first (10,000-8,500 yr BP), Quercus invaded the piedmont. During the second (6,000-1,000 yr BP), Quercus forests shifted to the present subalpine zone under a warmer and moister climate than at present. Picea has been dominant in this area since the late-glacial. It became especially predominant between 8,500 and 7,500 yr BP. Picea forest spread to lower altitudes under cold climates. Picea abruptly decreased 7,500 yr BP and began to increase again 1,000 yr BP. The present Picea glehnii forests around mires were established 1,000 yr BP.
  • 吉田 圭一郎, 岡 秀一
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 111-119
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    We surveyed the relationship between the secondary-successional pathway and species diversity in secondary forests that have developed in the 55 years following agricultural abandonment throughout the Southern Region of Hahajima Island, one of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, in the northwestern Pacific. Four forest types (Leucaena leucocephala comm., Bischofia javanica-Morus australis comm., Rhaphiolepis wrightiana comm., and Planchonella obovata-Hibiscus glaber comm.) were distinguished at the second level of the TWINSPAN classification, and differed from each other in the secondary-successional pathway interpreted from several historical aerial photographs. The late-successional secondary forests in areas that were invaded by L. leucocephala (B. javanica-M. australis comm.) differ markedly in species composition and forest structure from those in areas that were not invaded by L. leucocephala (R. wrightiana comm.). Late-successional alien species (B. javanica and M. australis) dominate the former areas and biodiversity is significantly lower, whereas the latter areas are more similar to the remaining natural forests in terms of both species composition and specids diversity. This comparison suggests that biological invasion irreversibly changes the secondary-successional pathway, and decreases the species diversity of late-successional secondary forests.
  • 玉栄 茂康
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 121-131
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the United Arab Emirates, the flowering season of the gray mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh, starts by mid May, and mature crypto-viviparous seeds are present from late August to mid October. Feeding of seeds on mother trees by leafhopper larvae was the main reason for mortality, which was observed from mid September. The number of injured seeds increased daily, and almost all seeds on trees were damaged by mid October. The heart-like green seed is covered with a thin waterproof pericarp for flotation in seawater. The mature seed breaks out of the pericarp within a few minutes after dropping in the water, then sinks and settles to the bottom. Most mature seeds sink around mother trees on the tideland. Immature seeds spread further and can reach the middle of the Persian Gulf. Germinating seeds start to draw seawater through their radicle and excrete the excess salt on the surface of their cotyledons. The salinity of the seawater is 42‰-43‰. After settling on the tideland, the germinating seeds develop as follows: 2 days, roots appear from the tip of the radicle; 4-6 days, the seedling has settled firmly; 14-16 days, it develops its epicotyl and leaves. In a survey on the tideland, 21% of seedlings survived from 515 germinating seeds after 45 days, but most then died during the next 10 months because they were covered by floating algae and plastic rubbish. In comparison, 2.3% of seedlings survived that settled around the community of mother trees, because young trees and pneumatophores of mother trees prevented the algae and rubbish from being deposited on them. These results indicate that seedlings can settle smoothly on an appropriate area of intertidal zone, but they need protection from both natural and artificial stresses to survive.
  • 西村 昌彦
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 133-140
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The activity of a venomous snake, habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) was represented by the frequencies of bites of sleeping men in the Okinawa Islands. Five climate factors recorded at the Okinawa Meteorological Observatory were selected to get correlations to the snake activity on each day in each season through logistic regression analyses. Habu was estimated to be active on the days of low means of air pressure in winter, of high means of air temperature in March, or high means of humidity in autumn. In summer with high means of air temperature and humidity few climate factors were correlated to the snake activity. The patterns of seasonal change in mean temperature and mean humidity corresponded with these results. The mean air temperature, the mean humidity and the precipitation were the first, second and third important factors, respectively, in the analyses of all through the year. This is the first intensive study to analyze the daily change in the snake activity in field.
  • 栗城 源一
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 141-153
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    The ecology of oribatid mites in Sphagnum mires, especially with regards to the structural features of the fauna, life-history traits of some populations and their role in the habitats, was reviewed. The most characteristic feature of the fauna was found to be the small number of species and very high density. The scarcity of species observed was affected by two main factors: the high level of soil moisture and the limited variety of vegetation. High density was observed under conditions of excess food materials and sufficient microhabitats combined with a low predation pressure. The fauna showed an increase in species diversity with a decrease in soil moisture and an increase in plant composition. The characteristic genera found in hollows on high moor were Limnozetes, Trimalaconothrus, Malaconothrus and Trhypochthoniellus. In hummocks, these genera were decreased in number, and common genera such as Oppiella, Tectocepheus and Suctobelbella dominated. Many thelytokous species, some of them deposited larvae, have a long generation time and a rather stable adult population. It is suggested that the stable population results from extended development, adult longevity and iteroparity driven by a low metabolic rate. They are also panphytophages and important decomposers of a wide range of biological materials although the individual contribution to the habitat is relatively small.
  • 可知 直毅
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 155-
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 粕谷 英一
    原稿種別: 本文
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 155-156
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 文献目録等
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 157-160
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 161-184
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 193-
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    2000 年 50 巻 2 号 p. Cover3-
    発行日: 2000/08/25
    公開日: 2017/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
feedback
Top