Since the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program recognized four biosphere reserves (BRs) in Japan in 1980, Japan has been faced with some questions. Although BRs are areas for possible sustainable development, there has not been enough discussion about activities directed toward realizing sustainable development in each BR. The BRs in Japan do not have transition areas and do not necessarily encompass the most characteristic Japanese ecosystems. Additionally, the public is not familiar with the BRs. To address these issues, this paper proposes establishing the BRs in Japan as a typical example of "living in harmony with nature." By establishing a MAB brand, local communities will gain business opportunities in tourism, and their agricultural and marine products will have high added value. Finally, this should revitalize farming efforts and mountain villages as well as conserving biodiversity.
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