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Volume 70 (2020)
- Issue 3 Pages 163-
- Issue 2 Pages 135-
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Predecessor
Volume 70, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages Cover1-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
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2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages Toc1-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
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Original Articles
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Rie Saito, Yumiko Ishii, Yui Nemoto, Reiko Kumada, Masatoshi Nakamura, ...2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 163-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe used a DNA metabarcoding method combined with high-throughput sequencing to analyse the diets of omnivorous wild boars. We extracted DNA from stomach contents. Three barcoded DNA regions (ITS-2, rbcL and P6 loop) were amplified and sequenced to identify plants consumed in different regions; the dietary plant genera differed significantly among the regions. To evaluate reproducibility, we analysed plant species compositions using three DNA samples from the same individuals; the samples did not differ significantly at the generic level, indicating that the stomach samples were well mixed. We next explored what the animals consumed. We used the polymerase chain reaction priming oligonucleotide and peptide nucleic acid methods to block the amplification of host DNA, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 DNA. Both methods significantly reduced boar DNA amplification, but not DNA amplification from other animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1747K)
Review
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Koji Mochida, Hiroki Koda, Masaru K. Hojo, Kohji Takahashi, Masaki Suy ...2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 177-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSocial learning, which is facilitated by observing another individual or its products, differs from individual learning via trial-and-error in the efficiency of both novel behavior acquisition and behavioral transmission within a population. The majority of animals, from insects to primates, can acquire novel behaviors using social information. Drosophila melanogaster is now being used as a research subject in social learning studies, with the aim of improving our understanding of the neurophysiological and genetic basis of learning. However, the ecological roles of social learning have not been fully explored, especially regarding interactions between species or ecosystems. Here, we reviewed empirical studies of social learning in taxa ranging from insects to birds and introduced a theoretical foundation, based on mathematical models, to evaluate the importance of social learning in ecology.View full abstractDownload PDF (1094K)
Feature
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Hiroaki Ikeda2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 197-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
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Naoki Katayama, Yuki G. Baba, Satoru Okubo2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 201-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
Supplementary materialTo clarify the wildlife benefits of farming practices that aim to conserve biodiversity in Japanese rice fields, we reviewed three previous studies. First, in a project commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, a nationwide field survey revealed that the species richness and abundance of multiple taxa (plants, invertebrates, frogs, and waterbirds) were higher in organic fields than in conventional fields. Second, a national survey conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries revealed that the biodiversity score calculated from the abundances of several invertebrate and frog species increased with organic farming, winter flooding, and integrated pest management. Third, our systematic review of individual case studies showed that benefits differ according to both the farming practice type (e.g., organic farming, winter flooding, earthen-ditch installation, and biotopes) and taxonomic group. Many of these studies were evaluated on a small (single field) spatial scale, and thus understanding of the effects of farming practices on the population or community level was limited. Based on these results, we discuss future directions for integrating scientific knowledge in wildlife-friendly farming in rice fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (1238K) -
Kazuaki Naito, Yosuke Fukushima, Kota Tawa, Yuki Maruyama, Shiro Sagaw ...2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 217-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
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Yosihiro Natuhara, Kosuke Nakanishi, Yasuhiro Fujioka, Michitaka Yamam ...2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 231-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study tested the effect of environment-friendly farming on the egret (Aldea cinerea, A. alba, Egretta intermedia, and E. garzetta) population, which served as an indicator of biodiversity in rice fields. The study sites were located in Yasu and Takashima, Shiga Prefecture, and Toyota, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. We investigated the abundance of egrets and their diets in rice fields under 1) conventional, 2) low-input, and 3) organic farming systems from 2014 to 2016. We also compared the abundance of egrets and their diet between rice fields with and without fish ladders in 2016. There were more egrets and fish in the organic rice fields than in the conventional ones, whereas the number of tadpoles did not differ significantly. In organic fields, the number of egrets increased because there were more fish (mainly loaches) than in conventional fields subject to crop rotation and agrochemicals use. The fish ladder increased the numbers of fish, Aldea alba, and Egretta intermedia, reduced the number of tadpoles, and did not affect Aldea cinerea. A. cinerea may not prey on the increased numbers of small juvenile fish in rice fields with fish ladders.View full abstractDownload PDF (3175K) -
Hiroaki Ikeda2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 243-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
Current and future in ecological education (9)
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Koh Matsumura2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 255-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
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2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages App1-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
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2020 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages Toc2-
Published: 2020
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2020
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