The personal shadow history during over 50 years is described for encouraging next generation regarding the society of eco-engineering to open new research activities. The social system is always changing like as the flow of river, therefore it seems the successful results are not always to obtain if such activities are introduced. Development of new scheme has to be done, in case by case, following the social system flow.

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In this study, the excitation-emission matrix (EEM) was used to select suitable wavelengths for monitoring growth process of Amphidinium sp. As the result, the chlorophyll fluorescence intensity at 680 nm excited by the 470 nm light (E470 F680) which was suitable for measuring cell concentration changed with reflection intensity of suspension in a culture flask. Meanwhile, the fluorescence intensity at 620 nm excited by the 400 nm light (E400 F620) increased with culture time even when cell concentration of Amphidinium sp. decreased. It was implied that the E400 F620 matter was an exudate of porphyrin-like compounds derived from photooxidized chlorophyll (Chl). The EEM spectroscoped both the excitation and emission wavelengths, therefore the EEM was an efficient method to detect the increase of the compounds because the excitation and fluorescence wavelengths of the compounds were neighbouring those of Chl a. Consequently, it was able to simultaneously monitor living and dead cell concentrations by measuring E470 F680 and E400 F620.

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We have investigated the effects of light quality and CO₂ concentration (0.04% and 10%) on growth of Euglena as a fundamental study. Useful nutrients such as high quality protein and fatty acid, as well as specific saccharide (β-1,3 glucan), contained in Euglena are now being highlighted. In the present study, we investigated the effects of light quality and CO₂ concentration on the production of protein, paramylon and fatty acid. Under the CO₂ concentration of 0.04%, protein contents in Euglena cultured in red and blue light were 105.0 μg 10⁶ cells^-1, paramylon 48.2 μg 10⁶ cells^-1, and in blue light fatty acid was 20.3 μg 10⁶ cells^-1, higher than those in other light conditions. Whereas under the CO₂ concentration of 10%, protein contents in Euglena cultured in red and blue light were 125.6 μg 10⁶ cells^-1, paramylon 57.6 μg 10⁶ cells^-1, and in blue light fatty acid 29.7 μg 10⁶ cells^-1, higher than those in ordinary air conditions (with 0.04% CO₂). No significant differences in these nutrient contents were found between the four light quality treatments under the CO₂ concentration of 10%. As previous data we showed growth of Euglena depended on chlorophyll contents, protein and paramylon contents depended on chlorophyll contents, too. It was concluded that Euglena would be good nutrition source when they are cultured in each light conditions under CO₂ concentration of 10%, so CO₂ discharged from industrials, power stations and so on, will be utilized to this new food production system, effectively.

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Recognition of environmental importance on soils in urban area is insufficient in Japan due to her policies. The policies only highlight the improvement of production capacities of agricultural soils and environmental conservation of agricultural areas. Therefore, it is essentially needed to provide information on characteristics and function of urban soils for urban planners to improve their planning technique supported by scientific findings. The main purpose of this study is to discuss the methodology for evaluation of potential affluence of urban soils by adopting biodiversity and grading method. For this purpose, parks, field athletic areas and university campus in Kanagawa Prefecture were investigated. Soil samples were collected from these areas to examine soil pH, total carbon content, CN ratio, water content, man-made rubbles and soil animal composition. Analysis results together with soil compactness investigated in each field indicated significant difference among the following terrains: bare land, grassland, shrub and forest. It proved that soil animal biodiversity and direction of soil transition were regulated by the condition of vegetation management (by mowing and trimming) and nature of soil at initial stage.

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An analysis of microflora characteristic and water quality in swine liquid manure treated with a BMW processing method was examined. Microbial 16S rDNA banding patterns by PCR-DGGE analysis in the wastewater from the primary tank and the processing tanks 1 and 2 were almost similar. Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. were identified from each sample. These bacteria were estimated dominant species. In FISH analysis, the amount of Eubacteria was much in the first tank and decreased with the following three tanks. The most part of Eubacteria was bacillus, resulting in the same as the PCR-DGGE analysis. The concentration of BOD and COD_Mn in the processing tanks was lowered than that of the primary tank, which was confirmed to improve the water quality

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We conducted the experimental long-term cultivation of eelgrass Zostera marina in closed aquarium systems using non-filter and non-exchanging seawater. Eelgrass was cultivated in two types of the closed aquarium systems (2 m³ and 20 m³). The conditions of the cultivation were as follows: water temperature: 15 °C; light source: halogen water lamp; photoperiod: 12-h dark and 12-h light; light intensity (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD): 125-200 μmol m^-2 s^-1 in the 2 m³ aquarium and 80-250 μmol m^-2 s^-1 in the 20 m³ aquarium. Dried eelgrass (457g dry weight m^-2) was supplied as fertilizer into the bottom sediments before cultivation experiments. Nutrients seemed to be slowly supplied to eelgrass during the long-term experiment attributed to the slow decomposition of fertilized eelgrass. The growth of eelgrass in the 2 m³ aquarium continued for at least 458 days, a period longer than that of eelgrass in the 20 m³ aquarium (236 days). It indicated that the dry eelgrass buried in the sediment was effective as fertilizer. The experimental eelgrass utilized ammonia the most. Reproductive shoot in the experimental eelgrass appeared from approximately the third month after the transplant, and kept on increasing till the end of the experiment. It indicated that it is possible to conduct a long-term cultivation of eelgrass in a closed system. And the result may contribute to the elucidation of material circulation in seagrass bed.

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Two-step water splitting reaction with the reactive ceramics of cerium dioxide (CeO₂) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) solid solutions (Ce-Zr system) which can be applied for solar hydrogen production using concentrated solar thermal energy has been studied. These reactive ceramics are high-temperature resistance and high ion conductivity and the reaction proceeds at high temperature (>1773K) and the high-flux energy (1000-3000 kW/m²) is sufficiently absorbed. The samples of Ce-Zr system were prepared by oxalate coprecipitation method (The molar ratio of Ce : Zr were adjusted 100 : 0, 80 : 20 and 60 : 40.) and by polymerized complex method (Ce : Zr was adjusted 60 : 40). These samples prepared by oxalate coprecipitation method were cubic-main system and the sample prepared by polymerized complex method was tetragonal system. No H₂-generation reaction proceeds with tetragonal system at 673-873K, but with cubic-main system, indicating that the reactivity of the two-step water splitting reaction with Ce-Zr system chemical composition of Ce60Zr40 is difficult depending on the crystal system. The reactivity of the two-step water splitting process is enhanced and the O₂-releasing temperature is lowered by doping ZrO₂ in CeO₂. The amounts of H₂ evolved in the H₂-generation reaction with Ce60Zr40 (cubic-main system prepared by oxalate coprecipitation method) is less than those of Ce100 and Ce80Zr20 at 1473-1573K, but more than those at 1773K. The reaction mechanism on the difference of those H₂-generation reactions was investigated.

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