This paper researched Life Support Systems (LSS) technology in Japan referring to the strategy of research and development in the U.S., which has complete manned space technology. Thus, I surveyed presented papers in manned space technology sessions of three conferences held over the span of 24 years; Space Sciences and Technology Conference, Space Station Conference, and Annual Conference of the Society of Eco-Engineering, in which the first session for manned space systems was held in 1985. Based on the research, I developed a database on LSS technology in Japan, and I classified the component technology presented in the papers by labeling subsystems, functions, component technology, and Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). I compared the assessment and distribution of LSS technology between Japan and the U.S. for Japanese manned space activities in the future. Moreover, I summarized the number of presentations in sessions of the International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES) to survey the trend surrounding technology development of LSS in thirteen years. However, the technologies in the database are a heritage of technology developed in past years. It is important for us to find a new technology that we haven't found for LSS, which can be called TRL 0, to increase Japan's competitive stance.

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This paper presents an operation method of logistics network in high-mobility explorations on the lunar surface. The logistics network consisting of habitation module, exploration sites, logistics carrier and rovers is formulated to solve dynamic resource allocation problems for distributed life support systems. A two-dimensional Dynamic Programming method is developed to obtain exact solutions of the partial problem, which is each logistics carrier operation. In addition, the capability of the algorithm concerning operation time and moving range is confirmed by numerical simulations. The result indicates the possibility of application of the developed method to a larger logistics network without a complex calculation of which increases exponentially.

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This paper presents operations and systems analyses for a distributed life support system consisting of a habitation module, logistics carrier and rovers for high-mobility exploration on the lunar surface. The logistics carrier and rovers leave the lunar outpost at the Shackleton crater and explore the foot of the Malapert and the Leibniz beta for 28 days. In this case study, we solve an oxygen allocation problem for distributed life support systems using the two-dimensional Dynamic Programming method, and calculate pure water and waste water allocation during the expedition. When including lunar surface topography provided by the SELenological and ENgineering Explorer (SELENE), the method enables us to find the optimal access route that takes into consideration the terrain for the logistics carrier, in response to the rover's need for supply.

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