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Volume 62, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Kazuo OSADA, Mizuka KIDO, Hajime IIDA, Hironori YABUKI, Shiro KOHSHIMA ...2000 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 3-14
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVertical snow samples obtained from Murododaira (2450 m a. s. l.), Tateyama area of the Northern Alps, central Japan, were analyzed for ionic constituents to study chemical stratigraphy as archives of total deposition in winter to spring. Ionic constituents in the snow cover were divided into sea-salt (Na+, Cl-, Mg2+), continental desert dust (KOSA) (Ca2+, F-, C2O42-, PO43-), and anthropogenic pollution (NO3-, SO42-, NH4+, nssK+, Zn, H+) components.
Several peaks in concentration profiles were significant in winter for sea-salt and in spring for KOSA components. Although pollution related species showed high concentrations in early winter and spring periods, their sporadic peaks were often correlated with KOSA components. Non sea-salt (nss) Ca2+ concentration showed a good correlation with nssSr in the snow samples. According to comparison with Sr/Ca ratios in the literature, nssCa2+ deposited on Murododaira in winter was considered to be originated from desert and loess areas in the east Asian continent. Average concentrations in spring snow cover from 1994 to 1999 showed large yearly variabilities (about twice) for sea-salt and KOSA components but were nearly constant for NO3-, nssSO42, NH4+, and H+.View full abstractDownload PDF (2264K) -
Koichiro HARADA, Masami FUKUDA2000 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 15-22
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectrical resistivities of unsaturated frozen soils were measured under different temperature and soil moisture conditions in order to develop a reliable model for field exploration. Electrical resistivities of pore water and unfrozen water in partially frozen soils were also measured. Based on the obtained data, the reliability of the previous model used for the determination of the electrical resistivity of unfrozen soil, known as Archie's law, was evaluated in the case of partially frozen soil. The trend of temperature dependency of resistivity yields a sudden increase of values occur in the frozen state near 0°C. Archie's law is not applicable in the case of fine-grained soil with a high water content above 0°C but is applicable below 0°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1079K) -
Kotaro FUKUI, Shuji IWATA2000 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 23-28
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn October 10th, 1999, permafrost was found by pit survey on the protalus rampart in Kuranosuke Cirque, Mt. Tateyama, central Japan. The results of the pit survey showed that active layer thickness was about 120-130 cm.
Deep freezing preceding the permanent snow-cover in autumn causes the frost layer, and snow-cover that remains until late summer performs an important role in preserving this permafrost.
Protalus rampart has been thought to only rest on the surface of the snow patch (ice body). As the result of electrical resistivity sounding, however, an ice body was not found under the protalus rampart.View full abstractDownload PDF (4534K) -
Takashi SAITO, Takashi KOJIMA, Hiroshi MATSUDA2000 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 29-39
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUntil now, avalanche risk has been evaluated using only qualitative criteria. In this paper, the authors devise a new method, involving mathematical probabilities of starting and arriving and a combined probability, and apply it to the Hokuriku Shinkansen (planned “bullet train” line on the Sea of Japan side of central Honshu).View full abstractDownload PDF (1647K) -
Growth and shapes of snowdriftMasao Takeuchi2000 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 41-48
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Shuji FUJITA2000 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 49-60
Published: January 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRF radar technology is now an essential part of methodology to observe the ice sheets on polar continents. We can detect physical conditions within the several-thousand-meters-thick ice sheets using a remote sensing technique based on ground-based vehicles and airplanes. Ice sounding technique has its basis in the high-frequency dielectric properties of the target object, that is, snow and ice. In the past decade, new progress has appeared in understanding the high-frequency electrical properties of ice crystals through research work carried out in Japan. This progress consequently brought about significant progress in ice radar technique. In addition, in the 21st century, radar sounding will be introduced also to observe ice on outer planets. This manuscript briefly introduces the physical principles of the techniques for non-specialists. Moreover, it describes present knowledge of the dielectric properties of ice and its limitations. Future prospects for this technique are reviewed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2216K) -
2000 Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 97
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (173K)
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