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Volume 67 (2005)
- Issue 6 Pages 477-
- Issue 5 Pages 443-
- Issue 4 Pages 319-
- Issue 3 Pages 213-
- Issue 2 Pages 123-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 67, Issue 3
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Masahiro KAJIKAWA, Hiroshi GOTO, Takuma SARUWATARI, Kosei KANAYA, Masa ...2005 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 213-219
Published: May 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of characteristics of snow particles on dry new snow density. The dominant shapes of crystals, horizontal size distribution, contribution rate of graupel to snowfall mass flux, kinetic energy flux to snow surface, and degree of circularity of projection images were analyzed using observational data obtained every 6 hours of below freezing point in a double wind-breaker apparatus to avoid the influence of wind.
In snow having rimed stellar crystals as the dominant shape, the new snow density had a strong relation to the kinetic energy flux. The mean degree of circularity with the weight of par-ticle diameter, the horizontal size distribution and the contribution rate of graupel were related to the new snow density of the dominant shape of rimed spatial dendrites. In the dominant shape of graupel (the contribution rate of graupel≥70 %), the horizontal size distribution affected to the new snow density.View full abstractDownload PDF (3792K) -
3rd report: Application test in a test plant and design guidelineTakero HIROCHI, Yoshitaka KAWADA, Shuichi YAMADA, Masataka SHIRAKASHI2005 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 221-232
Published: May 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a district cooling system (DCS), a new system that utilizes an ice-water mixture is under development to reduce the pipe size and pumping power for transportation by increasing the energy density of the cold medium. To practically apply this new DCS, the development of effective heat equipment is required to convert an ice-water mixture into cold water at the end of the distribution system. For this purpose, the authors proposed a vertical cylinder type direct contact heat exchanger (DCHE), and reported its heat transfer characteristics in the preceding papers. In this work, the DCHE is installed in a pilot plant to study its operational behavior. The pressure loss and the outlet water temperature fluctuations caused due to unstable ice fractions are measured to test its performance. Based on the results, a standard is proposed for the optimum size of the DCHE in order to control the outlet water temperature within the required range, in spite of the unavoidable unstable ice fractions in the supplied mixture. From the view point of power loss and installation space, the new DCS that uses the DCHE with a common plate-type heat exchanger is more advantageous than the conventional systems using similar plate-type heat exchanger.View full abstractDownload PDF (6082K) -
Isao MORITA, Tsutomu SUDA2005 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 233-243
Published: May 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purposes of the study are to make clear the present situation of snow removal maneuver performed by older adults in snowy regions and to elucidate the interrelationship among physical fitness, activities of daily living and capability of snow removal.
Questionnaires on lifestyle and physical activities were distributed to 334 elderly males and 397 elderly females who are living independently in Hokkaido. Among these respondents, physical fitness test developed by Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture and questionnaires on Activities of Daily Living were performed on 102 elderly male subjects and 196 female subjects to extract the physical fitness factors for snow shoveling.
Higher percentages of the respondents answered to be engaging snow removal every snowfall, that is to say, 80%, 88% and 73% at age ranges of 65-69, 70-79 and 80-89 years in males, and 46%, 47% and 27% at age ranges of 65-69, 70-79 and 80-89 years in females, respectively. Since no difference was seen in the percentages of the subjects who are engaging snow removal every snowfall between the groups either outpatients group and non-outpatient group, or high blood pressure group and normotensive group in males, a large part of older adults males strain themselves demanding work. Significant differences were observed in mean values in age, physical fitness between the two female groups who are engaging snow removal every snowfall and the female group who are impossible to snow removal because of lower fitness, that is to say, 72.8±6.1 vs 78.6±7.3years in age, 148.2±5.4 vs 145.3±7.0cm in height, 22.7±5.0 vs 19.1±5.3kg in grip strength, 10.1±3.9 vs 13.2±5.3 sec in 10m hurdle walk time, 494±77 vs 426±88 m in 6-minutes walk distance, and 2'7.1±4.5 vs 22.0±4.7 point in activities of daily living score, respectively.
Therefore, it was concluded that physical fitness factors such as strength, leg power, endurance are an important determinants of the snow removal for older adults in snowy regions.View full abstractDownload PDF (6028K) -
Akiyoshi TAKAHASHI2005 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 245-250
Published: May 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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