Journal of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice
Online ISSN : 1883-6267
Print ISSN : 0373-1006
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Volume 69, Issue 5
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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  • Relations among maximum snow depth, mean air temperature, and precipitation determined from their monthly values in snowy areas of Japan
    Masaaki ISHIZAKA
    2007 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 591-599
    Published: September 15, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.69.591
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To clarify relations among snow depth, temperature, and precipitation in monthly climatic values of a winter season, the climatic dataset comprising surface observations (AMeDAS) obtained by the Japan Meteorological Agency is investigated. Results from the examination reveal that the ratios of the monthly maximum snow depth to the monthly precipitation amount for January and February vary widely for the same monthly mean air temperature; however, on the whole, they increase with a decrease in the monthly mean air temperature at the sites. In particular, in the dry-snow regions where the mean air temperature TJan in January is lower than-1°C, many sites exhibit extremely large ratios. Therefore, it is found that the formula for the upper limit of the ratio, which was formulated for wet-snow regions(TJan≥0.3°C) in my previous work, cannot be adapted for dry-snow regions. In the intermediate temperature range(-1≤TJan<0.3°C), the upper limit is slightly exceeded by the ratios of only a few sites (located in a heavy snowfall area).
    In this study, a formula for the lower limit is introduced. From the formulae for both the upper and lower limits, we derive some useful information on the characteristics of snowy areas using the relation between temperature and precipitation, even though we cannot obtain data on the snow depth.
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  • New method to measure the adhesive shear strength of snow particles using a rotating disk
    Osamu ABE
    2007 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 601-609
    Published: September 15, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.69.601
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this study, a new method to measure the adhesive shear strength between particles of different sizes and a plate using a rotating disk is proposed. This method can be applied to measure the moment adhesive shear strength with which particles remain in contact with the plate for very short periods. The study also describes examples of the measurement of the adhesive shear strength between glass beads (radius: 0.125-1 mm) and an ice plate and between snow particles (radius: 0.21-0.42 mm) and a glass plate at an air temperature of -12.5 to -2.5°C.The values thus obtained are compared with those obtained by different methods. The adhesive shear strength measured by the proposed method exhibits an obvious dependence on size and temperature. The adhesive shear strength just 15 s after a glass bead with a radius of 0.5 mm makes contact with the ice plate at-11.2°C is about 10 times greater than the moment adhesive shear strength at the same temperature and size. In addition, the adhesive shear strength of snow particles with irregular shapes is greater than that of spherical snow particles.
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  • Physical form of pollutants in the atmosphere in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
    Naofumi AKATA, Fumitaka YANAGISAWA
    2007 Volume 69 Issue 5 Pages 611-617
    Published: September 15, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.69.611
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In order to identify the physical form of pollutants in the atmosphere in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, air samples containing particulate and inorganic gaseous substances were collected from 19 February to 1 March 2002 by 2 methods: a simple bubbling method (particles cut off and/or non cut off), and the measurement of anion species. The results revealed that F- existed as particulate matter and Cl- existed as a gas in the atmosphere. The concentration of NO2- decreased during the period between nighttime to and daytime; on the other hand, the concentration of NO3-increased during this period. Sulfur compounds existed as SO2 in the atmosphere, and the concentration of SO42- as particulate matter increased in the daytime. Gas-phase reaction and liquid-phase reaction appear to be important in both generation and variation in the atmosphere because NO3-and SO42- increase in the daytime.
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