Solvent Extraction Research and Development, Japan
Online ISSN : 2188-4765
Print ISSN : 1341-7215
ISSN-L : 1341-7215
Volume 21, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
Original Articles
  • Satoshi TSUKAHARA, Rintaro KOBAYASHI, Terufumi FUJIWARA
    2014 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 119-127
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The contact of a dodecane solution of hydrophobic dl-α-tocopherol with an aqueous solution of tetrachloroaurate(III) resulted in the direct reduction of tetrachloroaurate(III) and the formation of gold particles at the dodecane/water interface. Without other additives, the gold particles were unfavorably aggregated with each other and chains of gold particles were formed. In the present study, a chemical preventing the aggregation was sought. Fourteen types of chemicals were individually added to the two-phase system, and then the size, shape, and movements of the gold particles formed at the dodecane/water interface were observed through an optical microscope using bright-field illumination, using dark-field illumination, or with scattered laser light under total internal reflection conditions. Of the 14 chemicals, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) effectively prevented the aggregation of gold particles at the interface. The gold particles formed in the presence of phen under the optimized conditions were recovered on a coverslip, and their size and shape were recorded using an atomic force microscope. Almost all of the recovered gold particles were not higher than 50 nm and this meant that nanometer-sized gold particles were formed.
    Download PDF (1078K)
  • Jian YANG, Fukiko KUBOTA, Yuzo BABA, Noriho KAMIYA, Masahiro GOTO
    2014 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 129-135
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with Tf2N- as anions were studied as extractants without dilution for the extractive separation of platinum and palladium in an acidic chloride solution. The effect of the alkyl chain length on the extraction performance was evaluated and, based on the performance, the IL, 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Omim][Tf2N]), was selected to be studied in detail. The extraction of Pt(IV) underwent little change over the HCl concentration studied, while that of Pd(II) decreased with increasing HCl concentration. The separation of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) was highly effective, and the highest separation factor between Pt(IV) and Pd(II) reached 312 at the optimum conditions in a binary component system composed of Pt(IV) and Pd(II). The effect of the initial Pt(IV) concentration on loading capacity and extraction efficiency of Pt(IV) was also investigated.
    Download PDF (628K)
  • Yuya KIKUCHI, Masahiko MATSUMIYA, Satoshi KAWAKAMI
    2014 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 137-145
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Rare earth (RE) ions such as Pr(III), Nd(III) and Dy(III) derived from spent Nd-Fe-B magnets were extracted from an aqueous phase containing nitrate ions by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) with an ionic liquid (IL), tricaprylmethylammonium nitrate ([A336][NO3]). It was confirmed that the extraction of RE(III) was enhanced by adding NaNO3 into the aqueous phase and continuous extraction by a batch system led to Nd(III) enrichment in the IL phase. When using Nd-Fe-B magnet wastes including iron oxide, a wet separation process was required for removal of the iron from a solution in which the metal ions were leached. The process led to a relatively low RE(III) concentration in the prepared solution due to an increase in its volume by adding base for precipitation of Fe(OH)3. RE(III) recovered from wastes in the absence of iron oxide by a dry separation process were more concentrated in nitric acid. With the feed solution as the aqueous phase, Nd(III) was distributed significantly into the IL phase through repeated extractions.
    Download PDF (651K)
  • Haimei LI, Junshen LIU, Lili ZHU, Xuezhen GAO, Shilong WEI, Lei GUO, S ...
    2014 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 147-161
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A solvent impregnated resin (SIR) with sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA-12) impregnated on a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer support (HZ818) was first prepared. To improve the stability of the first SIRs for indium adsorption, a novel type of SIR (NSIR) had been prepared by forming a PVA–boric acid protective layer on the first SIR containing CA-12. The NSIR and SIR were characterized, and their adsorption behavior for indium(III) were compared by batch and column methods in a hydrochloric acid medium. Both the NSIR and SIR showed high adsorption capacities for In(III) at pH 3.0, and the maximum adsorption capacities increased with temperature. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second-order model fit the experiment data well at different temperatures. The NSIR showed better stability and reusability than the SIR. It is possible to separate In(III) from a mixed solution containing Zn(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and In(III) at pH 3.0 from hydrochloric acid medium with SIR and NSIR.
    Download PDF (1136K)
  • Kazuo KONDO, Ai MATSUOKA, Michiaki MATSUMOTO
    2014 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 163-171
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Solvent extraction is widely used as a universal method to extract and separate metals in industry. However solvent extraction has some disadvantages, for example, use of a large amount of organic solvent which could be an environmentally hazard. Therefore a solid-phase extraction method is proposed in this research. First of all, a silica gel modified with a non ionic surfactant (TritonX-100) micelle including di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as a metal adsorbent has been prepared. The stability of the modified silica gel was examined. Next, the adsorption behavior of gallium, indium and zinc onto the modified silica gel were investigated and compared with the adsorption behavior when using silica gel alone. The amount of D2EHPA impregnated in the modified silica gel was 0.138 mmol/g-silica gel. The modified silica gel can be used as a stable adsorbent below pH 2.0 without leaking D2EHPA. The higher the pH, the higher was the extent of metal adsorbed. Gallium was adsorbed on unmodified silica gel preferentially at pH 3.0 from a mixed metal system. In contrast, indium was adsorbed onto the modified silica gel preferentially at pH 1.1 in the same system. The modified silica gel could separate the metal ions at lower pH much better than the unmodified silica gel.
    Download PDF (1271K)
  • Keisuke OHTO, Ayahiro YAMASHITA, Yuki UEDA, Ryoma YAMAGUMA, Shintaro M ...
    2014 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 173-180
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Extractive removal of harmful formaldehyde and ketone compounds by using an imination reaction with a trident amine derivative has been investigated. Removal of formaldehyde was quantitatively achieved over the whole pH range examined from 2 to 9 within 2 h. Although the regeneration of the compound was not adequate due to elution of the compound and incomplete reverse reaction, the removal was effective and the imination reaction took place quantitatively.
    Download PDF (949K)
  • Michiaki MATSUMOTO, Ryosuke OKUNO, Kazuo KONDO
    2014 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 181-190
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    2,3-Butanediol is one of the bulk chemicals that exhibits a wide range of potential uses in cosmetics and transport fuels as well as being a precursor of synthetic rubbers. During the last few decades, considerable efforts have been made to improve the production of 2,3-butanediol from fermentation. However, major difficulties still exist in downstream processing because 2,3-butanediol has a high boiling point and a high affinity for water. In this study, aqueous two phase systems composed of water-miscible solvents and salts could be used to extract 2,3-butanediol from a model solution. We used t-butanol, tetrahydrofuran and 2-propanol as water-miscible solvents, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium fluoride and tripotassium citrate as salts. The phase separation abilities of water-miscible solvents and the salting-out abilities of salts were evaluated by the difference in the binodal curves and salting-out of 2,3-butanediol. t-Butanol and tetrahydrofuran showed high phase separation abilities, and potassium carbonate showed as high a salting-out ability as conventional phosphate salts. The concentration in the top phase and recovery ratio of 2,3-butanediol reached 184.3 g/L and 92.2%, respectively, when the system was composed of tetrahydrofuran and potassium carbonate. This process provided the possibility of a simple and economical process for the separation of 2,3-butanediol from fermentation broth.
    Download PDF (929K)
  • Keita HAYASHI, Hiroshi UMAKOSHI, Toshinori SHIMANOUCHI
    2014 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 191-199
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Vesicles composed of sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) were prepared by a two-step emulsification method. The water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions generated in the first step of emulsification exhibited a quite dynamic and large hydrophobic difference between water and hexane. A subsequent emulsification yielded the vesicles with a fluid and flexible interface, as compared with that of liposomes. It was furthermore demonstrated that the two-step emulsification method has the advantage of the introduction of a PEG layer into the outer surface of the vesicles, while retaining the membrane properties of the vesicles.
    Download PDF (1721K)
  • Toshinori SHIMANOUCHI, Tatsuya TANIFUJI, Satoko FUJIOKA, Koichi TERASA ...
    2014 Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 201-209
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 26, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The clarification of the partition property of substrates in a water / organic biphasic system is useful in the development of a reaction / separation process for value-added materials, especially under high temperature and pressure conditions. In this study, the water / methyl isobuthyl ketone (MIBK) biphasic system was investigated under various temperatures (25 – 190 oC) at 10 MPa. The partitioning behavior of substrates such as furfural derivatives, amino acids, and saccharides, depended on the temperature and the flow rate ratio of MIBK to the water phase. The scale of hydrophobicity (HF) of the water / MIBK biphasic system to determine the partitioning behavior of substrates was estimated based on the partitioning behavior of amino acids. The HF value for the water / MIBK phase flow system of was greater than that for the batch system and comparable to that for conventional aqueous two-phase systems such as polyethylene glycol / dextran and liposome membrane systems. It was probably because an increase of the surface-to-volume ratio and the vortex field in the slug flow contributed to the mass transfer of substrates and their distribution.
    Download PDF (1337K)
Notes
feedback
Top