Recently, people in Japan have become interested in restoring river environments. This is not an easy task because necessary flood control measures often destroy natural environments and result in poor water quality. The present paper takes the position that if citizens recognize the threats of flooding and poor water quality, they may voluntarily act to preserve the river environment by (1) personally protecting against flooding, and (2) not releasing polluted water into the river. We report the result of personally-administered questionnaire of 309 residents who live along the Nikaryou-Yousui and Hirasegawa rivers in Kawasaki city. Findings suggest that (1) most residents like improvements in river environments in stead of covering river with platforms, (2) residents who believe that their homes are at risk of flooding do take flood precautions, (3) residents who would like a better environment and who recognize that present water quality is poor tend to take action against water pollution, and (4) negative images of the river by some apathetic residents who do not want environmental inprovements are due to the quality of neighboring river environment, and not to a fear of flood damage.
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