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Volume 22, Issue 1
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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Akihiro AMANO2009 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: January 30, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEmissions trading systems have being paid wider attention since Kyoto Protocol came into effect and the EU emissionstrading scheme took the lead. The government of Japan has also been experimenting a small-scale, voluntary-participation system of emissions trading, but it has still been discussing the implementation of a full-scale compulsory system. The cause of this delay seems to be explained partly by misunderstandings with respect to some basic concepts of the trading systems; namely, the character of the object of trading, the concept of cap-and-trading, and the newly coined idea of?gdomestic CDM.?h This paper clarifies why these concepts are misunderstood, and why the newly introduced concept is not appropriate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1619K) -
Yoichi ATSUTA, Tatsuo SHINBO, Anugerah WIDIANTO, Hiroyuki DAIMON, Koic ...2009 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 11-18
Published: January 30, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor realization of the society which does not depend on depleted resources, and its carbon neutral point of view, poly lactic acid attracts attention as a biomass origin and expected the future wide-spread. However, the problem is such as competition against food, and higher energy consumption in production process compared with fossil resources based polymer. Therefore, the purpose of development technology for poly lactic acid chemical recycling system is to effective utilize biomass resources and to reduce energy consumption. One of the methods is hydrothermal reaction. However, effectiveness of chemical recycle system with the method was not evaluated yet. This study estimated the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in three scenarios (land fill, thermal recycle, and chemical recycle using hydrothermal reaction) that treatment processes of used poly lactic acid products were compared for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. These results indicated that the energy consumption of the scenario with chemical recycling by hydrothermal reaction has 30% less than that without the recycling. The chemical recycle system with the method by hydrothermal reaction has high effectiveness.View full abstractDownload PDF (1150K) -
Shiori YAMASAKI, Akiko YAMAGISHI2009 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 19-28
Published: January 30, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany deciduous forests have been abandoned in Japan over the last few decades. Characteristics in vegetation after abandonment over 27 years or more were assessed in 2004 based on vegetation surveys of four stands located in a secondary deciduous forest in Kotsukayama Park in Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan. In each 10×10 m quadrate in each forest stand, the positions, heights and width of every tree in the upper layers and in the shrub layers were recorded. Light conditions of the forest floor at the center of each 1×1 m quadrate within each 10×10 m quadrate were also measured. Numerous saplings of broad leaved evergreen trees were observed in the shrub layer and evergreen shrubs were present but were scarcely observed in 27 years ago. Saplings of Quercus myrsinaefolia were conspicuous even at low relative light intensities (RU), which may be due to the proximity of large seed source trees. Most of the forest floor (30 cm above the ground) was very dark, with an RLI of less than 1%. Young Machilus thunbergii seedlings were more common than young Q. myrsinaefolia at higher RLIs (p<0.05). This suggests that Q. myrsinaefolia may become a dominant species in the study area in the future.View full abstractDownload PDF (1209K)
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