The range of operating conditions suitable for electroplating of bright tin-lead alloys from a phenolsulfonate bath was determined by measuring the bright area percentage of a Hull Cell test panel, tin content in the deposit, and throwing power. The operation was conducted under the following conditions: totalmetal 15-25g/
l, free acid 80-120g/
l, a non-ionic surface active agent 10-40g/
l, a brightener (a condensation product of o-toluidine with acetaldehyde-20% solution in isopropyl alcohol) 15-40m
l/
l, acetaldehyde (20% aqueous solution) 4-8m
l/
l, current density 1-6A/dm
2, and bath temperature 15-25°C. Under the operating conditions described above, the tin percentage of deposited alloys was nearly equal to that in the bath. The tin percentage was led to be slightly higher by the lack of surface active agent or acetaldehyde, and to be slightly lower by the lack of brightener. The cathode current efficiency was high in the range of 1-3A/dm
2 of current density when agitation was applied, but it decreased with the increase of current density above 3A/dm
2.
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