Recently, the electric power demand for the cooling in the daytime in the summer increases. Then, the levelization of the electric power load. is required and the research on the air conditioning system using the ice storage tank has actively been made. In this study, the improvement of the IPF of the small Ice-Thermal-Storage Tank which is added the little freezing point descent agent is verified. As a result of the experiment, in the case of added 1.0% ethylene glycol aqueous solution for the regeneration material, it was proven that the continuous running is long-term troublesomely possible by about 2 weeks once is made to circulate by the pump. In addition, the concentration gradient does not occur it can confirm when the contrivance is done between lowermost of the pipe and base of the tank.

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As a proportion of the fan power input occupied in the total energy consumption is significant, it becomes important to save air conveyance consumption recently in order to conserve air conditioning energy along with a reduction in the building air conditioning load. From now on, it is important to estimate the energy-saving volume of fan power input for VAV (Variable Air Volume) systems. And then we must evaluate the efficiency of fan power input. In the previous reports, efficiency of fan power input drop according to reduction of supply air volume and fan inverter frequency. In this report, we measured fan power input efficiency with the VAV systems being controlled by adapting air supply volume measurement. And then to analyze fan power input energy saving consumption in consideration of variable air volume. We employed the testing model of duct system equipped with VAV single unit in testing room. Firstly, we measure the characteristic tendency of fan power input inverter frequency according to supply air volume reduction. And then we measure the fan shaft power according to results of each inverter frequency at first time testing air volume. As a result, fan power total efficiency consists of two kinds of efficiency mainly. One is fan total pressure efficiency and the other is fan motor efficiency. The testing result indicates the reduction of two kinds of efficiency. For example, as the air supply volume reduces to about 39%, fan power total efficiency reduces to about 54% and fan motor efficiency reduces to about 56% as compared with the rated efficiency. As a result of these reductions of two kinds of efficiency, it is proved that fan power total efficiency reduces to about 30%. And then, we measured the air conditioning fan power input electrical consumption saved with the VAV systems being controlled by adapting air supply volume measurement of each VAV in the building space to be compared with the testing result. It is recognized that this actual measurement indicates an approximate ratios of reduction in the fan power input electrical consumption as compared with each rated fan power input electrical consumptions according to the ratios of reduction in supply air volume as compared with each rated air volumes.

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The relation between the ratio of window-opening area and the indoor and outdoor climate was surveyed in the university campus in Kyoto for seven months mainly for the season of natural ventilation. The subject rooms were (1) occupied with from five to ten graduate students, (2) used mainly for desk work, (3) without heavy effect of traffic noise, (4) with approaches to the windows, (5) with air conditioners. The survey was carried out by (1) the observation of window-opening area for the same type of 125 sliding windows of 74 rooms regularly two or three times a day, (2) the measurement of the indoor climate for 7 rooms of the observed rooms every ten minutes, and (3) the record of the occurrence of opening and closing behaviours by sensors fixed to the frames of 19 windows of the 7 rooms every ten minutes. The results were as following. (1) Outdoor temperature was correlated with the ratio of window-opening area highly in the season of natural ventilation, while there was little correlation in heating or cooling season. (2) In heating season the ratio was lower but it sometimes went beyond five percent. (3) The differences of the ratio in a day were less than two percent for more than 80 percent of the days. (4) Daily mean outdoor temperature was correlated with daily mean ratio for cooling season as well as for the season of natural ventilation. (5) Almost all of the indoor temperatures were within a zone of 80% acceptability in Adaptive Model. The range of indoor temperature was wider for the rooms with frequent opening behaviours than for those usually kept closed.

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We proposed methods to correct the operation conditions of heat source equipments in a heating and cooling plant with thermal storage tanks. The operation conditions of the heat source equipments are ones determined by a practical method using two phase simplex method based on the cooling load predicted at the night before the target day when the optimum control of the plant is planned. One of our proposals is about an algorithm to reduce the frequencies of start and stop of the heat source equipments and to secure their long service life using theory of digital topology. Another one of our proposals is about a method to correct the operation conditions of heat source equipments based on the prediction of the cooling load in the near future; that is, cooling load after thirty minutes. And the last one is to make a new optimum plan to operate the heat source equipments at 4 p.m. again based on the real amount of cold heat existing in the thermal storage tank because the rest of cold heat in the thermal storage tank usually differs considerably from values predicted at the night before the day.

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Subjective experiments were carried out to evaluate thermal comfort of inhomogeneous thermal environment created in task area using floor air outlet. Subjects are allowed to control freely the supply air volume from the floor air outlet and the angle of elevation of the central axis of air jet from the floor outlet to get their thermal comfort. The remote control of the supply air volume and the angle of elevation are easily done using controllers put on the desk. Various combinations of the supply air volume and the angle of elevation of air jet were selected by subjects to achieve their thermal comfort, and then it is found that the comfortable conditions selected by subjects are well explained by SET^*; that is, most of the selected conditions are included in the range of 24℃〜26℃ of SET^*. Concerning to the impression for the air movement, most of the subjects accept the air movement as desirable thermal factor without feeling the cold draft. It is also found that the increase in the supply air volume from the floor air outlet does not contribute to decrease the air temperature in the task area but has effect to increase the coolness by increasing air velocity in the task area.

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The authors have improved the test equipment of the multi-tank-combined water heat storage tank, which was earlier mentioned in the first report, for the purpose of facilitating tests of the parallel stratified heat storage tank. Using this experimental equipment, the authors have conducted tests in accordance with the varied flow distribution in each of the two parallel systems with a view to finding characteristics of inside temperatures of the heat storage tank. In light of the operating methods of air-conditioning systems, the authors have conducted tests additionally based on such factors that might have an impact on the heat storage efficiency of the combined fully-mixed heat storage tank as the diameter and placement of connecting pipes, gaps in secondary circular temperatures, drain pipes and residual heat storage volume in order to discover thermal characteristics of the heat storage tank.

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In this work, the electricity consumption patterns of an economy hotel are investigated. Automatic monitoring of consumed electricity was carried out every 30 minutes. Also, temperature and humidity were measured every 10 minutes. It was found that the average power consumption of an occupied room was about 5.3kWh, while that of vacant rooms was about 1.1kWh. The electricity consumption of the air conditioner accounted for about 56% of the total used electricity. It was also found that the average temporal consumption variation has two modes peaked at about 10:30PM and 7:00AM.

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When the generation of pollutants is assumed locally in industrial workspaces, such as factories or industrial plants, there is a legal obligation in Japan to set up local exhaust systems of a hood and a push-pull type. The local exhaust systems are effective in controlling the diffusion of pollutants generated in the workspace, and much research has already been done on the performance of these systems. However, there have been virtually no studies on the performance of push flow type ventilation systems for industrial workspaces, which have a local supply inlet and are able to directly dilute and control the direction of the convective flow of the contaminants. In this paper, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations are carried out in order to confirm the performance of a push flow type local ventilation system for industrial workspaces, which are characterized by a large enclosure with specific pollutants generation in local areas. The Normalized Concentration in the Occupied Zone (C_n) which is the ratio of the average contaminant concentration in the occupied zone (C_a) to the concentration for completely mixed indoor air (C_p) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of local ventilation for industrial workspaces.

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The study is aimed at the performance evaluation and design method of the horizontal fixture drain branch pipe system, which is designed particularly for SI housing. The first paper focused on the performance evaluation of the drainage system by setting up a pipe model, on which tests were carried out with a set of specific criteria. The second paper clarified the relationship between the pipe length and the declining characteristic of the average flow rate of a typical sanitary fixture (qd-value) in conjunction with the consideration of the drainage load design. On the basis of the clarification, a calculation technique to estimate the load to a drainage stack and the influence of such a load were also discussed in the second paper. Considering the knowledge acquired from the abovementioned studies and deliberations, this paper looks into the evaluation of the performance of the horizontal fixture drain branch pipe system as well as the influence of the drainage load through drainage performance tests implemented on three actual dwelling units selected from an SI housing, which is located in Seto City, Aichitests implemented on three actual dwelling units selected from an SI housing, which is located in Seto City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

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In recent years some sutudies quantified the enviromental burdens concerning the building constructions. That will be able to make supposed the amount of the enviromental burdens gradually ranging for building to sclapping, while the buildings are planning. In this paper the aims are that we show amount of energy consumption, carbon emission and consumption of materials for construction of the reclimed land. The end of line is that the values of total energy consumption counts fot 30,058GJ/ha and the amount of total carbon emission counts fot 611t-c/ha for construction of reclaimed land.

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Recently, the development of the high-performance heat exchanger is desired from the viewpoint of energy saving and resource conservation. The application to the heat exchanger of dropwise condensation phenomenon which shows high heat transfer performance is desired. However, the relationship between behavior of the condensate drop and heat transfer on the wide heating surface in dropwise condensation has not been clarified. In this study, the behavior of a single water droplet on the vertical plate which vibrates for the purpose of the analysis of dropwise condensation phenomenon on vibration heating surface in the gravity direction is examined. As a result, it was possible to obtain the falling limitative drop size of an adhesion drop and the velocity of a falling drop, etc. by experiment and calculation. And, the possibility of attaining the heat transfer enhancement by the excitation was shown.

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There are many schoolchildren who have a minor chemical sensitivity and cannot go to school just because of the activities take place such as arts & craft or just opening the text book. The solution for those children to go school is to protect them from those chemicals. In this paper will propose a personal air purifier would be effective for the children who have minor chemical sensitivity so that they could go to school and study with their schoolmates. The personal air purifier is able to attach and detach easily to a schoolchildren's chair, which is regularly used in schools. In addition, the air stream from the outlet of the personal air purifier to the breathing zone of the sitting child will be determined.

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The purpose of this study is to develop the new calculating method for water supply demands in the restaurants. In this paper, the measurements of water consumption were carried out in the 21 restaurants and the basic data about the store characteristics were obtained from the management company. First, the relationship between store characteristics and number of customers was analyzed. From the result of the Hayashi's Quantification Theory Cluster III, the restaurants were classified by three main explanatory axes related to store characteristics. Next, the water consumptions were analyzed by using the measurement data in each restaurant. As a unit requirement, the daily water consumption per store area and the daily water consumption per customer were calculated. Finally, by using the multiple regression analysis, it was obtained that the prediction formula for unit requirement of daily water consumption adapted two explanatory variables concerned with three explanatory axes showed by the Hayashi's Quantification Theory Cluster III

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It is considered that the anthropogenic exhaustion heat generated by consuming energy is one of the main causes of the heat island phenomena in cities. In this research, we distinguished between sensible and latent heat, and databased on the GIS over the generation sources of the anthropogenic exhaustion heat in Tokyo 23 wards (buildings, automobiles, factories) and analyzed the exhaustion characteristics of anthropogenic exhaustion heat, concerning space-time, generation source, sensible and latent heat in 500m mesh. The results of this research are as follows. 1) The daily average value of anthropogenic exhaustion heat during the summer in Tokyo 23 wards was 32W/m^2, which equaled to the 18% of the average sun radiation of a day. Also, the daily average amount of sensible anthropogenic exhaustion heat in Tokyo 23 wards was greater than that of the latent heat by 5 times. The large amounts of latent anthropogenic exhaustion heat, over 400-1000W/m^2 per 500m mesh, were generated during the day in places such as Shinjuku and Otemachi, where high-rise buildings were concentrated. 2) When comparing the generation sources of the anthropogenic exhaustion heat, it was found that the anthropogenic exhaustion heat from buildings were concentrated in the center of Tokyo, while anthropogenic exhaustion heat from road traffic expanded toward suburbs, and that of the factories were found around the places locally where factories took place. The distribution of sensible and latent anthropogenic exhaustion heat showed that the meshes with large exhaustion ratio of latent heat were found primarily in the center of Tokyo. Also, the result from comparing anthropogenic exhaustion heat by day and night showed that the anthropogenic exhaustion heat during the day were concentrated in the center of Tokyo. 3) The cluster analysis was operated using the data of anthropogenic exhaustion heat of buildings and road traffic, and the distribution map differentiated by districts in Tokyo 23 wards was made. The three districts were chosen, and the exhaustion characteristics of anthropogenic exhaustion heat during the day were investigated. The results showed that in Shinjuku, anthropogenic exhaustion heat from buildings were occupying the greater part of the anthropogenic exhaustion heat, and more than half of their heat were released by latent heat. The greater part of the anthropogenic exhaustion heat in Setagaya were sensible heat coming from buildings and roads. It was found that the most of the anthropogenic exhaustion heat were composed of sensible heat from buildings during the day in Nihonbashi.

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The purpose of this study is to obtain the basic data of water and gas consumption in the university welfare facilities. These data are useful for the design and planning of eco-campus and the establishment of calculating method for water supply demands in various buildings. We carried out the measurement of water and gas consumption in 6 welfare facilities located on Higashi-Hiroshima campus of Hiroshima University. Each welfare facility have some water and gas meters for charges of the shop's consumption. We recorded the values of each meter by one hour interval from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. for one week in each season; autumn, winter, spring and summer. Also, we carried out a questionnaire investigation to get the condition of water usage fixtures, for example toilet and washing machine in each shop. And we get at the number of customers from the cafeteria's and barber's owner. By using these data, we analyzed the daily, hourly water and gas consumption in welfare facilities and in each system; cafeterias, barbers and toilets etc. We studied the relationship of the water and gas consumptions and some fluctuating factors, numbers of customer and times of washing machine's usage.

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The Ventilation Standard HASS102 of The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan (SHASE) was revised in November 1997 and The Ventilation Standard HASS102 recommends the ventilation design, which takes into account a ventilation effectiveness in an occupied zone, under the incompletely mixed condition. This index is called Normalized Concentration in an Occupied Zone (C_n), which defined as the ratio of the difference between the average pollutant concentration in an occupied zone and that of the completely mixed indoor air. Furthermore, The Standard of Measuring Method of Ventilation Effectiveness HASS115 was published in order to supplement HASS102 in April 2002. This paper contains three topics. The first is theoretical analysis of Normalized Concentration in an Occupied Zone (C_n) under various returned Airflow rate. The second is C_n measurement by tracer gas methods in model room (3.2m(x)×3.2m(y)×2.8m(z)). The third is numerical analysis, which is corresponding to the experimental conditions. In these measurement and numerical analysis, the prediction accuracy of C_n had the difference about 10% compared with experimental result. Furthermore, the effects of the increment of return air, which induced in a supplied air, are also studied and it is confirmed that the Normalized Concentration in an Occupied Zone (C_n) got closer to 1.0 (the concentration of the completely mixed indoor air) for the increment of return air in supplied air.

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