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Article type: Cover
2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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Makoto SUZUKI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
1-35
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This article takes up the issue of imperial succession during the Qing Dynasty's Kangxi Era (1662-1722), in an attempt to clarify 1) why the selection of the crown prince was executed by the reigning Emperor Kangxi according to the custom of earlier Chinese dynasties, rather than through the consensus of powerful leaders based on the Qing tradition and 2) why Eighth Prince Yin Si gained popularity within the court after the disinheritance of the crown prince, Second Prince Yin Reng. The discussion will hopefully better elucidate the power structure within the imperial court during this period. The author takes up a theme that has been largely ignored in the research to date; that is, an analysis of Prince An of the imperial family's Plain Blue Banner, which shows that Prince An 1) was one of the most powerful leaders of the Banner with leading clans serving under him, 2) enjoyed strong influence at court, which was made possible in part by the formation of marital ties with the Mongol royal family, the family of the grand empress dowager, and 3) also formed a marital relationship with the Heseri clan, the maternal clan of the crown prince, and, thus supported Yin Reng together with the vassals of the royal banner family for several decades. The alliance formed between Prince An and the Heseri clan may appear at a glance to have enabled selection of the crown prince as in the earlier Chinese dynasties ; however, in reality the act amounted to none other than installation based on the consensus of the era's powerful leaders. As the An-Heseri alliance weakened, however, the status of Crown Prince Yin Reng also wavered. The popularity won by the Eighth Prince Yin Si, whose mother was of low status, after the disinheritance of the crown prince stemmed from the marital relationship formed between Yin Si and Prince An. The "rejection" of the Manchurian custom of consensus in the selection of the crown prince during the Kangxi Era has been seen as a display of the kind of respect afforded to Emperor Kangxi and to the Chinese imperial institution. However, in actuality, there was no substantive change whatsoever from the practices adopted during the early years of the Qing Dynasty. That is to say, the crown prince of the Kangxi Era was supported by imperial authority, but also was selected through the support of the powerful banner princes and clans, like his Qing Dynasty predecessors. Their speculations and interests continued to exert strong influence on the successor to the emperor. The author concludes that the power structure of the early Qing Dynasty therefore essentially survived up to the end of the Kangxi Era.
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Tadashi EBISAWA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
36-38
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Jun YODA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
39-62
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Recent research on British national identity has argued that Welsh ethnic nationalism was restrained by the great benefits gained from the British Empire, and its own ethnic identity was hidden in the shadow of inclusive "British" identity. In contrast, the author of this article takes the position that being a member of the British Empire tended to strengthen "Welshness," and stimulated a type of Welsh nationalism different from Anglophobia. He proceeds to examine the validity of this interpretation by focusing on the teaching of history in Wales at the turn of the twentieth century. Wales in those days witnessed a series of educational reforms to transform its schools from English "carbon-copies" into "nurseries of the nation" that would form the base for fostering Welsh ethnic identity. Consequently, Welsh history found a prominent place in the curriculum, and the annual celebration of St. David's Day in school was initiated and took hold. Under such circumstances, interest in Welsh history was aroused and greatly encouraged patriotism among the Welsh people. The content in Welsh history textbooks at the time reveals that Welsh patriotism inspired by studying Welsh history contained no inconsistencies with the patriotism required of a British subject. The "patriotic Welshman" meant a person who loyally bore the duty to the empire of which Wales had formed the oldest part. Therefore, Welsh nationalism at the turn of the twentieth century was by no means anti-English or separatist. It was a kind of crusade against indifference. While nationalists sought to give a boost to Welsh national sentiment by extolling the greatness of Welshmen as empire-builders, they persistently required England to recognize Wales as a distinct nation; not as a mere geographical expression, but as an equal partner in empire-building.
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Haruyuki TONO
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
63-68
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Kesao IHARA
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
69-76
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Miho MATSUNUMA
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
77-84
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[in Japanese]
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
85-86
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
86-87
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
87-88
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
88-89
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
89-90
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
90-91
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
91-
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
91-92
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
92-
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
93-94
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
94-95
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
95-96
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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2011 Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages
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