This paper analyzes characteristics of a Cycle Economy, a key concept of today's Japanese environmental policy. In a Cycle Economy, the width of the cycle or loop may be neglected. Then it is important to design the spatial management system of wastes and post consumer goods from the view point of economic geography.
Considering the location of industrial nodes, it is important to establish how efficient this industry collects waste and develops the markets of recycled goods. The Japanese government has adopted the Eco-Town Project to develop a vein industry. Administrative intervention is required to support the Eco-town project as a trial to overcome various regulations. Next the paper discusses five aspects of agglomeration of the Kitakyushu Eco Town Project.
Until the 1980s, the disposal of End of Life Vehicles (ELV) was considered unproblematic in Japan. But in recent years, as environmental problems have attracted increasing attention, the processing of ELV has become a critical environmental issue. Discarded ELV represent a serious source of waste generation and pollution. After the EU Directive on ELV was published, the Japanese government has considered an ELV Recycling Act. In the EU Directive, producers must take back the ELV free of charge. To solve the problems, especially how to process ASR, the Japanese government requested car producers to take back ASR using EPR consideration. The EPR is the concept that manufacturers and importers of products should bear a significant burden of responsibility for the environmental impact of their products throughout the product life-cycle. This includes the upstream impact of materials selection, the impact of the manufacturing process itself, and the downstream impact from the use and disposal of end of life products. Producers accept responsibility when they design products to minimize the life-cycle environmental impact, and when they accept legal, physical, and socio-economic responsibility for environmental impact that cannot be estimated by the design alone.

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It is important to construct and proceed the recycling-society, which has the function to reduce, reuse and recycle waste products/materials. This paper discusses what combination of treatment process in municipal solid waste control should be selected to attain this object. First, it is shown that the key point is the selection between a system, where all combustible refuse are burnt and melted altogether to minimize amount of landfill waste and another system, where a production rate of recyclable resources is maximized. Secondly, treatment processes of environmental soundness and resource recycling are introduced such as a raw materials recovery process from waste glass, can and PET bottles, a ferrous metal recovery process from bulky wastes, a gasification-melting from combustible refuse, a cement-production from incineration residue, a biogas-production, composting and a mash-production from garbage and a carbonization and a refuse-derived-fuel production from combustible refuse. Finally, cost and life cycle assessment is presented to the present system as a control and two future systems.

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The uniaxial compression tests and Brazil tests in non-atmospheric environments were conducted on Kumamoto andesite to investigate the environmental dependence on strength of rock. The environments used in the experiment were organic vapor environments as methanol, ethanol and acetone, inorganic gas environments as argon, nitrogen and oxygen and water vapor environment.
The obtained results are as follows:
1. From the uniaxial compression test, it was clear that the uniaxial compressive strength of Kumamoto andesite decreases in order of the environment of acetone, ethanol, methanol and water vapor, that the strength in inorganic environments was independent on environments and that the average uniaxial compressive strength in inorganic environments was 1.7 times of that in water vapor environment.
2. From the Brazilian test, the tensile strength of Kumamoto andesite in environments except water vapor was almost constant, although that in methanol is slightly low.
3. Both uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of Kumamoto andesite were the lowest in water vapor environment and highest in inorganic environments and these strengths in alcohol environments existed between those in water vapor environment and inorganic environments.
4. Water is the most effective agent that promotes stress corrosion of rock among the materials used in this research and the strength of rocks is dependent on the subcritical crack growth due to stress corrosion.

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In order to understand the effect of elevated temperature on fracture toughness, fracture toughness experiments were carried out at increasing temperatures from room temperature to 200 °C using the single edge-notched round bar in bending (SENRBB) specimen and the semi-circular bend (SCB) specimen of Kimachi sandstone. The paper firstly describes the methodology for the evaluation of level I fracture toughness and crack growth resistance curve. Crack growth resistance curve is also shown to consider the increase of the crack growth resistance with crack growth. The experimental results showed that fracture toughness of Kimachi sandstone did not vary significantly at temperature up to 125 °C and increased with elevated temperature beyond 125 °C. The level I fracture toughness from the SENRBB testing increased by approximately 40 % at 200 °C when compared to the value at room temperature. The variation of fracture toughness can be explained in terms of thermally-induced microcracks and dehydration of interlayer water and adsorptive water included in clay material such as montmorillonite. The thermally induced microcracks, which were confirmed under microscope, lower the fracture toughness due to decrease in crack growth resistance, while the dehydration of interlayer water and adsorptive water in the rock specimen, which were confirmed by measuring weight under several temperatures, raises the fracture toughness because of increase in bonding strength between the mineral particles. Based on the strain and Young's modulus measurements under elevated temperature, it was concluded that the dehydration of interlayer and adsorptive water and the thermally induced microcracks influenced on the fracture toughness of Kimachi sandstone.

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塩酸溶液からの鉄(III) の抽出がTBP(リン酸トリブチル)のベンゼン溶液の使用により種々の条件で検討された。有機相への抽出物が赤外線および紫外線吸収スペクトルの測定により調べられた。その結果塩酸溶液からの抽出では、水溶液相中の塩酸濃度の増加により分配係数は2 - 3モル以上の酸濃度で急激に上昇することがわかった。そして次のような抽出平衡式がTBP による塩酸溶液の鉄(III) の抽出に対して提案される。すなわち，FeCl₃(aq) + HCl(aq) + 3TBP(org)⇔HFeCl₄・3TBP(org)

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The extraction of copper from sulfide copper concentrate was carried out by using hydrochloric acid and perchloric acid as leaching reagent. In the leaching using only hydrochloric acid except for perchloric acid, the extraction of copper component was low. On the other hand, the addition of perchloric acid as the oxidation agent to hydrochloric acid solution increased the extraction of copper considerably. For instance, the extraction percentage of the copper component on leaching for 4 hour at 130 °C in the the mixed solution of 4 mol /dm³ hydrochloric acid and 4.6 mol / dm³ perchloric acid was 99.9 %. Concequently, copper component was effectively extracted from the sulfide copper ore with hydrochloric acid containing perchloric acid.

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