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Volume 41, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Gloss of Paint Films Containing Titanium Dioxide PigmentAkira KAWABATA1968 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 57-69
Published: February 29, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gloss of paint films decreases in general with...he increase in pigment volume concentration (PVC). This, however, is not always the case when titanium dioxide pigments are used. In the present paper the effects of PVC, the state of dispersion of titanium dioxide pigments and the kind of resin on the gloss of paint films were studied. The factors which affect the gloss were elucidated from the change in gloss during the process of drying.
When PVC was about 10 %, the gloss of the film was close to that of the resin itself. When PVC was 20-30 %, the gloss decreased greatly, in some cases the film with poor state of pigment dispersion having higher gloss. When PVC was 40-50, %, the gloss increased up to over 100 %. Near the critical PVC of about 55 %,. an increase of 1-2 % in PVC resulted in a drastic decrease of 20-40 % in gloss, which is likely to be caused by the absorption of air by the film near the end of drying of the film.
Gloss decreased monotonously with the increase in PVC when the state of dispersion of pigment was poor, or when the resin did not easily give smooth film surface even when the state of pigment dispersion was sufficient. This is because in such cases the gloss would be determined solely by the roughness of the film surface.
It is probable that the observed abnormal dependency of the gloss on PVC will become more common as the dispersibility of pigment is improved in the future.View full abstractDownload PDF (1815K) -
Gloss and the States of Surface of Paint FilmsAkira KAWABATA1968 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 70-78
Published: February 29, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relation between the gloss and the states of surface of paint films has been studied in order to elucidate the factors which determine the gloss of paint films. It was found that the gloss of the films containing titanium dioxide pigments was affected by the refractive index of the surface, the interference of light due to double reflection, the scattering of reflected light, as well as by the smoothness of the film surface.
The gloss of replicas made from the paint films was measured, and it was found that the film surface was still very smooth, from an optical point of view, even when the pigment volume concentration (PVC) was as high as 40-50%. The surface became rough near the critical PVC of about 55%, At a higher PVC (70%) the surface smoothness was recovered. The increase in gloss with the increase in PVC (40-50%) was ascribed to that the pigment has higher refractive index than resin. The decrease in gloss at PVC 20-30% was attributed to the interference of light which would occur in the resin layer existing near the film surface. The thickness of this resin layer was a function of PVC, which was confirmed by examining the changes in gloss and interference color with the change in thickness of the resin layer. When there was reflection from within the film, the gloss was increased, especially when the gloss was measured at lower angles.View full abstractDownload PDF (1297K) -
Tatsuo TANAKA1968 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 79-88
Published: February 29, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1406K) -
Organic Pigments for Printing InksKiyoshi HASHIZUME, Isao KUMANO1968 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 89-101
Published: February 29, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1806K)
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