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Volume 59, Issue 12
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Kazuyuki TACHI, Chikaaki OKUDA, Yoichi OYAMA, Shouichi SUZUKI1986 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 711-718
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClear paint was sprayed onto a transparent glass plate in various spray conditions with an air spray gun. Shadows of the paint particles on the glass plate, which showed paint film formation process, were observed through the glass plate with a high-speed camera. Paint film formation process means the process till the plate is completely covered with the paint. The diameters of the paint particles impinging on the plate were measured by means of the immersion liquid method. The following results were obtained.
Paint particles instantly changed their shapes when they impinged on the glass plate, but the particles hardly spread on the plate subsequently. These results suggest that the film formation process is determined by the probabilities of the particles arriving at the area covered with the paint film and at the bare area of the glass plate. The unevenness of the paint film during the formation process and the time spent for the film formation were influenced by the spray conditions. Both the amplitude of the unevenness and the time increased with the increase of the particle diameters. These results can be understood from the fact that the paint particles on the glass plate were rather viscous, and hardly spread. The time increased with the decrease of the volume of the paint particles which arrived at the glass plate for unit time. On the basis of the experimental results, the unevenness of the film which is the origin of orange peel defects is understood to be formed during the paint film formation process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1341K) -
Oxygen Inhibition of PolymerizationYasufumi OTSUBO, Takeshi AMARI, Koichiro WATANABE1986 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 719-724
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOxygen inhibition of free-radical polymerization was studied for a UV ink and its vehicle by the use of an oscillating plate rheometer. The dynamic viscosity was measured in the course of curing under continuous UV irradiation in the absence of oxygen. The rheological measurements were also carried out at various stages of curing under a flash of UV in an air atmosphere to examine the effect of oxygen diffusing from air into the film. Significant results are as follows :
(1) In the vehicle, the exposure energy where the dynamic viscosity begins to increase is almost constant in two measuring modes, whereas the dynamic viscosity increases more slowly in the air atmosphere than in the absence of oxygen. It is considered that oxygen interferes with the normal propagation.
(2) In the UV ink, the exposure energy at the onset of viscosity increase is drastically increased in the air atmosphere. The presence of pigment (Brilliant Carmine 6 B) may enhance the inhibition effect by oxygen.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
Yoshitomo TODA, Kazuaki HASHIMOTO, Koshiro HASHIMOTO, Yasuo ARAI1986 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 725-731
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNickel (II) phosphate octahydrate, Ni3 (PO4) 2·8H2O was hydrothermally treated under the saturated vapor pressure at 150°-350°C. Such properties of the products as crystal shape, color and thermal resistance were investigated.
On dehydration, Ni3 (PO4) 2·8H2O converted into new phase of Ni3 (PO4) 2·5/4H2O under hydrothermal condition at 200°- 350°C. The particle properties of the new hydrate were affected remarkably by hydrothermal conditions. By conditioning at 200°C for 24 hours or at 350°C for 48 hours, the two kinds of spherical and irregular mass were obtained : spherulite (φ<23μm, s. a : 13m2/g); vivid yellow green (excitation purity Pe : 50.4%, lightness Y : 50.4%, dominant wavelength Ad : 563.7nm), irregular mass (<5μm, s. a : 11 m2/g); dull yellowish green (Pe : 5.0%, Y : 81.6%, λd : 524.8 nm). The new hydrate proceeded with two-steps ; dehydration by heating the products gave 1 mol at 663°C and 1/4 mol of crystallization water at 810°C respectively, and the product finally converted into anhydride, Ni3 (PO4) 2. Also the hue of spherical mass having spherical skelton structure, which obtained by heating at 1,000°- 1,200°C, has characteristic color of deep yellow. The anhydride of spherical mass was useful as yellow pigment of thermal resistance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1186K) -
Tatuhiko IHARA, Seisirô ITÔ, Masami TANAKA, Mitsuo KIBOKU1986 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 732-740
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSurface modification of organic pigments through polarization was carried out by applying the surface treating method of low temperature plasma to several organic pigments which have poor miscibility with or dispersibility in polar vehicles such as water.
The pH value of the sample as an indicator of the treatment effect lowered with the increase of the treating time and/or the increase of the oxygen flow rate. Comparing the degree of surface hydrophilic nature by the kind of pigment, the degree increased in order of CuPc, DV and QR under the same treating conditions. From the result of XPS measurements for DV, it was recognized that components assigned to C-C and C-H were decreased and component assigned to C-O or COO was increased by plasma treatment. The pattern of difference spectra obtained by FT-IR measurement was assigned to that of carboxylic acid. The untreated pigments hardly dispersed in water, while the dispersibility of treated pigments were improved.View full abstractDownload PDF (936K) -
Noboru SUZUKI, Atsushi ENDO, Hiroshi UTSUGI1986 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 741-746
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe surface constitution and the surface-treatment of titanium carbide was investigated through the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA), X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron micrography and pyrolysis in comparison with those of titanium dioxide and activated carbon. The followings were found : (1) The surface of the titanium carbide was perceived to be composed of both titanium dioxide and partially oxidized carbide or deposited carbon from the ESCA of Ols of carbide. (2) The crystallographic structure of the substrate, particle size and the agglomeration of particles were not affected by surface-treatment. (3) The pyrolysis of surface group of the surface-treated titanium carbide has taken place in the temperature range from 250°C to 500°C and the main pyrolysis product was found to be cetene. The surface groups of titanium carbide were recognized to be composed of the surface hydroxide due to titanium dioxide and CO, -C-O-OH, -COH and COC due to deposited carbon or partially oxidized carbide in comparison with the pyrolysis of surface-treated titanium dioxide and activated carbon with cetyl alcohol. Thus the surface-treatment was perceived to be performed by the dehydration condensation of the alcohol and these surface hydroxides.View full abstractDownload PDF (833K) -
Hiroyuki NAKAZUMI, Takeshi KURIYAMA, Teijiro KITAO1986 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 747-752
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNovel triphenylmethane dyes and their leuco-compounds were prepared to examine the effect of a benzothiopyran ring on the absorption spectra of triphenylmethane dyes and test for photoresporise of the UV light, respectively.
Condensation of 3-formyl-4 H-1-benzothiopyran-4-one with N, N-diethylaniline easily gave diaryl- (4 H-1-benzothiopyran-4-one-3-yl) methane (yield 27-73%), which was oxidized by lead tetraacetate to give a novel triphenylmethane dye (5 a) containing a benzothiopyran ring.
Comparison of Malachite Green or a diphenylmethane dye and (5 a) shows that replacement of a phenyl group in Malachite Green or a hydrogen atom of methane in a diphenylmethane dye with a 4 H-1-benzothiopyran-4-one causes a bathochromic shift (20-30nm) of λmax. Absorption spectrum of (5 a) is well reproduced by PPP-MO calculations using the standard parameter set. The absorption spectrum of (5 a) contains typical “x-band” and “y-band ”, which are interpreted by PPP-CI calculations and Resonance Raman spectra.
Replacement of a phenyl group of the leuco-compound of Malachite Green with a benzothiopyran ring accelerates color development of the leuco-compound by irradiation of the UV light. Introduction of methyl group in o, o′ -positions of the leuco-compound of (5 a) delays color development of the leuco-compound by irradiation of the UV light.View full abstractDownload PDF (691K) -
Shigeo YASUI, Masaru MATSUOKA, Teijiro KITAO1986 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 753-758
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSColor and constitution of dichroic polyazo dyes which are very important for guest-host liquid crystal display has been studied by means of the PPP MO method. Two factors are important for the syntheses of deep colored dichroic polyazo dyes ; one is the substituent effects to correlate their λmax with the enlargement of π-systems, and the other is the kinds and order of aromatic conjugating bridges such as benzene and naphthalene rings in trisazo dyes. It was found that some of trisazo dyes absorbed at shorter wavelength than the corresponding disazo dyes, and the change in order of benzene and naphthalene ring in trisazo dyes produced more than 20nm shift in their λmax. These observations were quantitatively reproduced by means of the PPP MO method.View full abstractDownload PDF (717K) -
Yoshitomo TODA, Kazuaki HASHIMOTO, Koshiro HASHIMOTO, Yasuo ARAI1986 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 759-770
Published: December 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to prepare the cobalt phosphate compounds of strong hue as color pigments, the various cobalt phosphate compounds were prepared by immersing Co3(PO4)2·8 H2O in K2HPO4 solution (70°C-96°C, 0.5-2.0 mol/l), and others by reacting systems in the CoCl2-K2HPO4-H2O (96°C) or CoCl2-KOH-H3PO34-H2O (96°C).
The composition and particle properties of the products were investigated by means of chemical analysis, thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-Ray diffraction, measurement of hue, scanning microscope and paper chromatographic analysis.
The results obtained were summarized as follows ;
1) KCoPO4 : vivid blue color (excitation purity Pe ; 80-85%, lightness Y ; 10-5%, complementary wavelength λc; 573-571 nm). granular crystal (about 2×5 μm, density : 3.16 g/cm3).
KCoPO4 580°C h′-KCoPO4
2) KCoPO4·H2O : light reddish purple color (Pe ; 30-40%, Y : 40-30%, λc2 ; 552-550 nm). plate crystal (about 3×5 μm, density : 3.24 g/cm3).
KCoPO4·H2O 225°C→ h-KCoPO4 425°C→KCoPO4 580°C h′-KCoPO4
3) K3Co9 (PO4) 7·10 H2O : light purple color (Pe ; 40%, Y ; 27%, A ; 567 nm). needle crystal (about 1×10 μm, density : 3.09 g/cm3).
K3Co9 (PO4) 7·10H2O 247°C→Amor. 540°C→K3Co9 (PO4)7 670°C→h-K3Co9 (PO4) 7 4) Co3 (PO4) 2·3.5 H2O : light violet color (Pe ; 37%, Y ; 28%, λc; 570 nm). plate crystal (about 1×3 μm, density : 3.11 g/cm3).
Co3 (PO4) 2·3.5H2O 310°C→Amor. 595°C→Co3 (PO4) 2
5) Unknown compound : light purplish blue color (Pe ; 45%, Y ; 19%, λc; 572 nm). plate crystal (about 2×10 μm, density : 2.90 g/cm3). chemical composition : K2O : 7.8%, CoO : 44.3%, P2O5 : 40.7%, H2O : 13.7%
From above results, the compounds and their burned products were expected to be used as color pigments. Especially, KCoPO4 substituted for ultramarine as a blue pigment (Pe ; 81.9%, Y; 5.4%, λc; 572.0 nm) of high grade and KCoPO4·H2O substituted for NH4CoPO4·H2O (Pe ; 41.0%, Y ; 31.6%, λc; 552.8 nm) in the above compounds. Moreover, KCoPO4 or KCoPO4·H2O having gloss were possible to form under certain limited regions of synthetic conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1799K)
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