Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material

It was examined to directly produce toner by the suspension polymerization. Monomer producing base polymer was styrene monomer.
It was experimentally investigated how such operating conditions for suspension polymerization as the impeller speed, the stabilizer concentration and the amount of solid powder added into monomer affected the transient polymer droplet diameter, the size distribution and mean size of toner particles.
As a result, the effects of the operating conditions on several properties of the toner particles was quantitatively made clear to some extent.
From observation by the microphotograph of toner, toner particles were found to be perfect sphere and the fine powders of the stabilizer to adhere on the surface of the toner particle.

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In order to optimize the formulation of ultraviolet rays curable primer (UV primer) for polyethylene (PE) coating of steel pipe, the relation between the formulation and properties of UV primers of which base oligomers are epoxy compounds has been investigated. And then suitable base oligomer has been found.
The UV primer is coated on steel and then the adhesive, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, is coated on it. The adhesion of UV primer to steel and adhesive has been decided by its material characteristics, that is the concentration of hydroxy groups (HV), internal stress (σ) and glass transition temperature (T_g). Its adhesion to the adhesive has thought to depend on hydrogen bonding. So, in case that HV has been 0.22gram equivalent in 100g of UV primer, the peel-off failure of the PE coating which has been primed with UV primer has been cohesive failure and the adhesion stre-ngth has become the highest. On the other hand, its adhesion strength has been kept high at wide temperature range by applying the UV primer which had low σ and high T_g.
The UV primer has to keep its alkaline resistance high in order to give long-term wet adhesion to the PE coating. The alkaline resistance has been affected by the concentration of ester linking (ELV) in the UV primer. So, the ELV has to be controlled less than 0.33gram equivalent per 100g.
As the suitable base oligomer of the UV primer for the above mentioned requirements, epoxy di-acrylate of which numerical mean moleculer weight (Mn) is 1700 has been pointed out. Bis-phenol A type epoxy which is cured by cationic polymerizing mechanism hasn't been able to use for the base oligomer, because the HV and T_g of the primer coating has been low. As for epoxy acrylate oligomers, mono-acrylate type hasn't been suitable because of low coating T_g and di-acrylate type has had optimum range of Mn to adjust the σ and T_g of UV primer coating.

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