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Predecessor
Volume 84, Issue 3
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Original Research Paper
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—Approach by Optical Image Analysis—Yutaro SHIMODE, Yoshio OHTANI, Hidekazu YASUNAGA2011 Volume 84 Issue 3 Pages 81-86
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe light reflective images of natural Japanese lacquer paints applied on a board were analysed in addition to their colour and gloss measurements, in order to clarify the optical characteristics of the paint, which craftspeople can distinguish. The distribution of luminance on sample images was obtained at two angles under visible light irradiation and the envelope intensity curve was taken from the luminance histogram for black natural-lacquer-painted and chemically coated boards. There are no distinguishing differences in the spectroreflectance and gloss characteristics for the three kinds of black sample boards. It was found by the Gaussian curve fitting for the reflected light profile in the vicinity of the edge of reflected light image on the samples that the glossy natural-lacquer-painted sample shows the smallest area and standard deviation value of the reflected light profile. The results show that the glossy natural-lacquer-painted board reflects light most regularly and the diffusion of the light is smallest. Further, the area and standard deviation values for only the glossy natural-lacquer-painted sample decrease with an increase in the angle between the directions of the normal to the plane of the sample and the reflected sample image.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
Masashi MIZUKAMI, Osamu SUGIHARA, Hidetoshi YAMABE, Isao ANDOH, Sachik ...2011 Volume 84 Issue 3 Pages 87-91
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo design functional materials based on composite materials, it is imperative for us to understand the mechanism of adhesion between different materials such as metal and polymer. In this study, we investigated the adhesion between NiCr alloy film with three different compositions (Ni100, Ni90Cr10, Ni60Cr40) and polyimide film using surface forces apparatus combined with optical microscope, which enable the observation of contact area during the measurement of the adhesion. This composite is widely used in the electronic devices as substrates, wiring, etc. The adhesion force measured in air for Ni90Cr10 and Ni60Cr40 decreased by time while that for Ni100 remained constant. In the measurement under nitrogen gas atmosphere, the order of strength became Ni60Cr40>Ni90Cr10>Ni100, and the decrement in adhesion for Ni90Cr10 and Ni60Cr40 was reduced. These results indicated that the Cr has stronger interaction with polyimide compared to Ni, and enhance the adhesion with polyimide. This was also supported by the larger hysteresis in the contact area vs normal load for Ni60Cr40 and Ni90Cr10 surfaces. However, Cr can be oxidized easily by exposure to air, which resulted in the decrease in the adhesion.View full abstractDownload PDF (656K)
Review
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Hironori ARAKAWA2011 Volume 84 Issue 3 Pages 92-98
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present status of the development of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) was introduced. At first, the structure, working mechanism and characteristics of DSC were explained briefly. The highest efficiency reported for a labo-scale DSC with 5 mm square was 12%, while that for a DSC sub-module with 10 cm square was 10%. In view of practical use, out-door tests of DSC modules ware conducted by manufacturers of DSC as well as long-term stability tests, such as a heat-cycle test, a heat test at 85°C and a continuous irradiation test under AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2. The result of those tests showed a promising future of DSC. Finally, future research subjects for the improvement of the efficiency up to 15%, which is the final target in terms of efficiency of DSC, were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1053K)
Current Topics
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Hironori KOBAYASHI, Tomoyo SHIDA2010 Volume 84 Issue 3 Pages 99-103
Published: February 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom small digital devices designed to be fashionable to household electrical goods designed for compatibility with home interiors, there is widespread use of color in electrical consumer products. Small digital devices include mobile phones and portable audio players, while household electrical goods include TVs, air conditioners, and other relatively large items. We conducted a survey based on the hypothesis that studying the color of such digital devices and household goods would give us insight into the latest trends in color in these two areas. We divided electrical products into four categories: portable devices, audio-visual equipment, kitchen appliances, and cleaning-related appliances. We used color popularity to determine the various color trends in each category. Color popularity involves calculating and analyzing the percentages of products of certain colors in relation to the survey parameters for each category, using color for the expression of popularity. The results help us to not only identify trends in each category, but allow us to analyze color trends according to different purposes of use of products. We looked at three models of small digital devices for preferred color differences by target segment, for example, examined new designs, and otherwise compiled the results so that color trends could be understood from different angles.View full abstractDownload PDF (818K)
Serial Lecture
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Kaoru ISOBE2011 Volume 84 Issue 3 Pages 104-109
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince titanium dioxide pigment shows higher refractive index and has finer particle size than other white pigments, like Zinc oxide, Lithophone and White lead, its optical properties such as whiteness, opacity and tinting strength are excellent. Furthermore, titanium dioxide also shows no toxicity, excellent heat and light stability, and chemical resistance. Therefore, it is called “King of white pigments” and accounts for as much as 70% of the whole white pigments.
Titanium dioxide pigment is used in various fields; paints, printing inks, plastics, paper, rubber, synthetic fibers and cosmetics.
This report explains pigmental properties featuring history and basic characteristics of titanium dioxide. In addition, recent and future development of newly categorized titanium dioxide not as pigment but as functional materials by utilizing unique properties (UV shielding capability, light scattering effect and photoactivity), is discussed from the angle of particle size.View full abstractDownload PDF (867K)
Serial Lecture
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Zenjiro OSAWA2011 Volume 84 Issue 3 Pages 110-121
Published: March 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBasic items related to the degradation of paint and its films, namely definitions,factors and symptoms, are briefly described. Degradation mechanisms of the resin, which is one of the main components of paint, is explained from the standpoint of chemical reaction of primary structure (polymer chain) and changes in higher order structure (state of aggregation of polymers chains) with specific examples shown. Effects of metallic compounds and pigments on the degradation of the resins are largely dependent on type and state of the resins and their degradation conditions in addition to the metal element and ligand in metallic compounds. Their extremely complicated effects are explained tentatively from the acceleration and retardation points of view, showing some representative examples. Furthermore, the effect of residual solvent is described. Finally it is stated that prolongation of the life-time of paint films is dependent on developments of manufacturing and painting technologies as well as higher performance stabilizers, with some commercial examples introduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (1621K)
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