During menopausal transition （climacteric period）, estrogen secretion drops sharply with the decline in ovarian function, causing menstrual irregularities and other various climacteric symptoms.　As the average life expectancy increases, the period of estrogen deficiency after menopause is also increasing, making it important to prevent and manage osteoporosis, arteriosclerosis, dementia which are caused by estrogen deficiency, and breast cancer, the leading cancer in women.　In order to live a fulfilling life after menopause, it is also important to participate in society through hobbies, local activities, volunteer work, and other activities.　In addition to paying attention to disease prevention and health management, interacting with many people, enjoying conversation, and living a fulfilling life will help maintain and improve quality of life and extend healthy lifespan.

　Body Mass Index （BMI） is commonly used to assess body size.　Obesity is diagnosed at a BMI of 25 or higher.　Obesity in women increases the risk of menstrual irregularities, infertility, and complications during pregnancy and childbirth.　It also involved to fetal and postnatal complications.

　　The concept of “preconception care” has become increasingly popular in recent years.　This concept indicates the importance of being aware of oneʼs health “before” conception in order to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy and delivery.　This knowledge is also important for those who do not choose pregnancy and childbirth, as it can lead to a healthy future.

　　In this presentation, I would like to focus on obesity, a common health problem, as one of preconception care.　In order to help obese women have safer pregnancies and childbirths, I would like to provide information that all women -before, during, and after pregnancy- should know now.

Epidemiology is the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why. Epidemiological information is used to plan and evaluate strategies to prevent illness and as a guide to the management of patients in whom disease has already developed.　Women experi ence physical and mental changes that are different from those in men, depending on the concen trations of female hormones secreted and changes in life events（e.g.,  marriage, childbirth, child rearing, etc.）.　There have been various epidemiological studies on the relationships between dietary intake and womenʼs health.　In particular, plant estrogens（isoflavones） , which are struc turally similar to female hormones, have been reported to be associated with various health con ditions in women including endometriosis, menopausal disorders, and osteoporosis.　In addition, dietary intake is an important factor for the maintenance of health not only in women but also in men.　It has recently been reported that intake of soy products and isoflavones is involved in the maintenance of cognitive function and longevity in middle-aged and elderly Japanese people. Thus, it has been suggested that habitual dietary intake, especially a dietary style that includes soy products, might contribute to human health regardless of gender.

　　WHO defined Well-being is a positive state experienced by individuals and societies.

　　Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

　　It means each person has a different well-being.　And may be, today and tomorrow’s one is different.　It is fluid by circumstances.　But I believe that the eating is a basic and essential one to support them.

　　Here, I looked back my experience and way to involved with the eating as a dietitian.

　　Patients with interstitial lung disease （ILD）, especially those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, are at increased risk of developing lung cancer （LC）.　Pharmacotherapy for advanced LC has dramatically progressed in recent years ; however, management of LC with pre-existing ILD （LC-ILD） is challenging due to serious concerns about the risk of acute exacerbation of ILD （AE-ILD）.　As patients with LC-ILD have been excluded from most prospective clinical trials of advanced LC, optimal pharmacotherapy remains to be elucidated.　Although the antitumor activity of first-line platinum-based cytotoxic chemotherapy appears to be similar in advanced LC patients with or without ILD, its impact on the survival of patients with LC-ILD is limited.　Immune checkpoint inhibitors may hold promise for long-term survival, but many challenges remain, including safety and appropriate patient selection.　Further understanding the predictive factors for AE-ILD after receiving pharmacotherapy in LC-ILD may lead to appropriate patient selection and lower treatment risk.　The aim of this review was to summarize the current evidence related to pharmacotherapy for advanced LC-ILD and discuss emerging areas of research.

　　The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system has many important pathophysiologic functions in blood pressure regulation and kidney disease development.　Angiotensin II is the major bioactive product of the renin-angiotensin system and induces inflammation, renal cell growth, mitogenesis, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation.　Furthermore, angiotensin II regulates the gene expression of bioactive substances and activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways that are involved in kidney damages.　Activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor pathway results in the production of proinflammatory mediators, intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species, cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis, which in turn facilities kidney injury.　Involvement of angiotensinogen in intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activation and development of kidney disease has previously been reported.　Moreover, studies have demonstrated that the urinary excretion rated of angiotensinogen provide a specific index of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system status.　Enhanced intrarenal angiotensinogen levels have been observed in experimental models of kidney disease, supporting the concept that angiotensinogen plays an important role in the development and progression of kidney diseases.　In this review, we focus on the role of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activation in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases.　Additionally, we explored the potential of urinary angiotensinogen as a novel biomarker of intrarenal renin-angiotensinogen status in pediatric kidney diseases.

　　Pyrroloquinoline quinone （PQQ） is a redox cofactor identified from bacterial methanol dehydrogenase, and has been found in trace amounts in a variety of foods and in human tissues lacking PQQ biosynthesis.　It has been reported that mice fed a PQQ-deficient diet develop deficiency symptoms such as growth retardation, skin fragility, and reduced reproductive capacity, suggesting that PQQ may be a vitamin.　However, the enzyme that requires PQQ as a coenzyme in mammals has not been identified, and thus PQQ has not yet been certified as a vitamin. This paper reviews the biochemical properties, physiological functions, and mechanism of action of PQQ.

　　【Purpose】To investigate disaster preparedness for hearing-impaired individuals in Japan. 【Method】We analyzed domestic literature and prefectural guidelines to identify issues faced by hearing-impaired individuals during disasters.　【Results】The literature revealed communication challenges, information gaps, and inadequate preparation.　Only 13 prefectures had relevant guidelines, and there was a lack of awareness regarding the impact of restrictions on lifelines.　【Discussion】Disaster prevention measures for supporting hearing-impaired people vary between regions, and it is desirable to create and disseminate guidelines that address the challenges they face.

　　Objective : This study aimed to clarify the experiences of feeling positive emotions in online parenting forums among 2-3 months postpartum mothers.

　　Methods : Qualitative descriptive research with semi-structured one-to-one interviews were conducted with 14 postpartum mothers who were physically and mentally healthy and had given birth at full term at The Perinatal and Child Medical Center in a regional city.

　　This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tokushima University Hospital.

　　Results : Three categories were revealed : （1） ‘the anxiety and concerns about the childʼs well-being were alleviated’, （2） ‘casually stumbled upon posts provided a sense of ease in parenting.’, and （3） ‘finding encouragements while grappling with the uncertainties of postpartum life’.

　　Conclusions : The results indicated that 2-3 months postpartum mothers obtained various pieces of information from online parenting forums and experienced positive emotions.　On the other hand, since the reliability of information on online parenting forums is not guaranteed, it is important to encourage the use of information provided by professionals.　And, it is desirable to build a nationwide network of child-rearing support information led by public institutions.

　　Objective : The aim of this study was to reveal the concerns in daily life of fathers of 2- to 3-month-old infants.

　　Methods : The participants in this study were husbands in households with 2- to 3-month-old infants.　Semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone using an interview guide and qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted.

　　Results : There were 14 participants.　Three categories were revealed : （1） how to deal with the child who was changing day by day, （2） the relationship with the wife after childbirth, and （3） changed daily life after becoming a father.

　　Conclusions : The specific situations indicated by the results of this study regarding the concerns of fathers are expected to aid them in carrying out childcare while being mindful of their mental health, as well as contribute to the development of support programs for fathers who are struggling with parenting.　Since mutual understanding and cooperation between the husband and wife are important in child-rearing, the results of this study revealed the situations in daily life for which a father of 2- to 3-month-old infants has concerns should be helpful for the wife to understand her husband’s feelings and should contribute to the achievement of harmony in the family in times of child-rearing when the husband and wife are busy.

　　In this study, we investigated the origin of the brain corpora amylacea （CA） and its association with Alzheimerʼs disease, with the aim of identifying indicators for dementia assessment. The cases were autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Tokushima, and the postmortem examinations were performed within 48 h of death.　The immunostaining results showed that almost all brain CAs were positive for ubiquitin and neurofilaments, which suggests that brain CAs contain components derived from protein processing systems and that the proteins are of neuronal origin.　We analyzed the correlation between the number of brain CAs and the sum of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, and identified a significant positive correlation only in male cases.

　　Therefore, we suggested that the number of brain CAs in the hematoxylin and eosin-stained brains of male patients with a strong positive correlation can be evaluated as a simple preliminary test for the Braak classification using Gallyas–Braak staining.

　　A case of Paget’s disease coexisting with ductal carcinoma in situ（DCIS） is reported. 60s-year-old women was visited at our hospital because of increasing tendency of erosion and vanishing of the right nipple, who had undergone breast conserving surgery and axillar dissection for breast cancer（pT1cN0M0） in 20 years ago.　No evidence of disease except the nipple-areola lesion was detected by MR imaging or ultrasonograhy in bilateral breast and axilla.　As Paget’s disease of the was considered, a biopsy of the lesion was conducted soon.　According a diagnosis of Paget’s disease, arc shaped partial mastectomy was performed.　After surgery, all cut-slices of specimen was microscopically assessed.　Paget’s lesion and two DCIS were independently observed and margin was free for carcinoma.　Pathologic diagnosis of the surgical specimen is important to perform breast conserving surgery for Paget’s disease.

　　Thymic carcinoma is a relatively rare malignant tumor, and it is often a solid tumor.　Here, we report a case of thymic carcinoma that was presumed to have originated from the cyst wall of a multilocular thymic cyst （MTC） during follow-up observation.　The patient was a 59-year-old male.　A routine chest CT performed during an evaluation for another condition revealed a well-defined mass measuring 53×12 mm in the anterior mediastinum.　MRI showed high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and septations within the mass, leading to a diagnosis of MTC. Surgery was recommended ; however, the patient opted for follow-up observation instead.　During the observation period, the mass gradually increased in size, but the patient continued to decline surgery.　Approximately 3．5 years later, CT revealed findings suggestive of solid components within the cyst, an MRI was performed, solid components were confirmed, showing high signal intensity on diffusion-weighted imaging.　Contrast-enhanced CT also demonstrated enhancement of the mass, and a thymoma was suspected, so a median sternotomy was performed for tumor resection.　The tumor was found to be inflammatorily adherent to the pericardium but showed no evidence of invasion.　Histopathological examination revealed poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma classified as Masaoka’s clinical stage I.　Postoperatively, the patient received adjuvant radiotherapy and is currently under follow-up observation.　Cases of thymic carcinoma in which solid components appeared and then grew during follow-up of MTC and were subsequently resected are rare.

　　Toxic shock syndrome is a condition that rapidly causes circulatory and multi-organ failure due to toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species.　We report a case of toxic shock syndrome caused by long-term use of a tampon.

　　The patient was a 48-year-old woman who was hospitalized and treated for schizophrenia at another hospital.　The day before admission, she had a fever of 40°C and an increased inflammatory response ; therefore, antibiotic treatment was initiated.　The next day, she was transported to our hospital by ambulance because of loss of consciousness and hypotension.　After transport, a tampon with a foul odor was found in her vagina, the duration of retention of which was unknown.　Other tests did not reveal any obvious infectious foci, and toxic shock syndrome was suspected.　Shock management was initiated with massive fluid infusion and vasopressor administration, as well as the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics and anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus drugs.　The shock subsided on the third day of admission, and MRSA was detected in the culture of the vaginal secretion sample obtained at the time of her admission.　The patient’s general condition improved and inflammation rapidly resolved thereafter.

　　When toxic shock syndrome is suspected based on clinical findings, MRSA should also be considered as a possible causative bacterium and treatment should be initiated promptly.

　　Background : Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 （SARS-CoV-2） had emerged in late 2019 and spread rapidly in worldwide.　To prevent severe diseases after the viral infection, remdesivir and molnupiravir are widely administrated as anti-viral medicines, however these have some side effects or polypharmacy.　In this study, we explored natural compound that suppressed coronavirus replication.　Natural compounds have many chemical structures and many functions, for ex.　antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-bacterial effects.　Some compounds have been presumed to act as anti-coronavirus in silico analyses, however these were rarely evaluated by infected cells or animals yet.　The aim of this study was to identify natural compounds that could inhibit coronavirus replication in the host cell.

　　Methods : We infected to the host cells with human coronavirus OC43 （HCoV-OC43）, who belongs the same genus （betacoronavirus） as SARS-CoV-2.　At 2 hour post infection （hpi）, the cells were washed for removal of residual virus, and treated with each compound at the 10 µM concentration.　The cells and culture supernatants were collected at 24 hpi.　We extracted viral RNA from these and ran strain-specific RT-qPCR to measure relative viral copy numbers.

　　Results and discussion : Treatment with 10 µM nobiletin （3’, 4’, 5, 6, 7, 8-hexamethoxyflavone, NOB） suppressed intracellular and extracellular viral copy numbers of HCoV-OC43.　NOB is a polymethoxyflavone and contains mainly in the peel of citrus fruits.　NOB may contribute to prevent coronavirus infection and the related severe diseases if detail mechanism of the antiviral effect is revealed.