In this study, we aimed to analyze pupillary dynamics at the points near the ventilatory threshold (VT) during exercise from the pupil diameter/pupillary responses to light stimulation. The exercise intensities were set to 80, 100, and 120% of the VT. Cycling with a bicycle ergometer was performed for 4 minutes at each intensity and we performed measurements of pupil light reflexes using an infrared pupilography at the end of each stage. The measurement parameters included initial pupil diameter (D1), minimum pupil diameter after light stimulation (D2), constriction rate (CR), maximum velocity of constriction (VC), and maximum velocity of dilation (VD). The results showed increases in the D1 and D2 at an exercise intensity of 100% of VT and the minimum CR at the intensity of 120% of VT. In addition, the VC increased at 80% of VT and then re-increased post exercise. The VD increased at 100% and 120% of VT. The results demonstrated that in addition to an increase in the pupil diameter as the exercise intensity increased, the change occurred at the ventilatory threshold and above; thus, the use of dynamic parameters such as VC and VD enables understanding responses during and post exercise, which cannot be achieved by static measurements alone. These results suggest that observation of pupils may allow for immediate recognition of whether exercise intensities are below the VT intensity.
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