We report a boy at the age of 1 year and 7 months with type 1 diabetes mellitus. He was referred to our hospital because of polydipsia and polyuria for 1 month. Hyperglycemia (blood glucose 583mg/dl), ketonuria and glucosuria were observed in the laboratory tests. HbA1c was 13.6%. Blood gas analysis showed pH 7.325, HCO₃-9.4mmol/l, and BE-15.6mmol/l. Since internal insulin was low and titers of antibodies to islet components were high, he was diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes mellitus. After acidosis was corrected by administration of rapid insulin, we started preprandial twice-daily subcutaneous injection with Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (BIAsp30) for control of his blood glucose level. In the outpatient clinic, daily insulin dose was adjusted based on home monitoring of blood glucose values, and the average HbA1c levels decreased to 7.4%. Twice-daily injection of BIAsp30 may be useful to treat infants and young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus whose food intake is inconstant, and to maintain quality of life of the patients' family.

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