Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)
Online ISSN : 1882-1006
Print ISSN : 0015-6426
ISSN-L : 0015-6426
Volume 10, Issue 4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • Masuo IKUZAWA
    1969 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 243-252
    Published: August 05, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Liberation of N-Acetylglucosamine from Bacillus subtilis Spore by Lysozyme
    Akira AKASHI
    1969 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 253-259_1
    Published: August 05, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1) To examine the lytic action of egg-white lysozyme on Bacillus subtilis, one loopful of spore suspensions as reported by Akashi were inoculated to 100ml control peptone medium (pH 7.2) and 100ml sample peptoe media (pH 7.2) to which lysozyme was added in the rate of 0.0125, 0.025 and 0.05% concentration respectively, and these media were cultured at 37°C or 72 hours.
    After culturing, these were heated at 100°C for one hour. Viable bacteria counts of these control and sample heated cultures were measured after culturing on nutrient agar media at 37°C for 48 hours. No growth of organisms were observed in the control culture, however in the sample culture, bacterial number of 1.7×105-1.5×106 was observed.
    2) These control and sample cultures were centrifuged at 10, 000G for 20 minutes, and supernatant fluids were lyophilized. Each of 0.3g of these lyophilized materials were dissolved in 10ml of distilled water. As standard solutions, 0.3g of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine-HCl were dissolved in distilled water. Paper chromatographic investigation was made by using these solutions.
    These solutions were chromatographed on Toyo No. 51 filter paper with three kinds of solvent…n-butanol-pyridine-water (6+4+3 by vol.), pyridine-acetic acid-ethyl acetate-water (5+1+5+3 by vol.), and n-butanol-acetic acid-water (4+1+5 by vol.) by use of Elson and Morgan spray reagent. Results obtained are as follows:
    From control solution, no spots were detected, however from sample solution, spots with the same Rf value as that of N-acetylglucosamine were observed. In paper chromatography developed with the solvent system of pyridine-acetic acid-water (6+4+3 by vol.) by use of the spray reagent containing 0.05M Na2B4O7-95% ethanol (1:1 by vol.) and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-acetic acid (2% w/v), spots from sample solution were identical with those produced from N-acetylglucosamine given by the same treatment. The spots sprayed with Ehrlich reagent were eluted with distilled water and lyophilized.
    The lyophilized materials were taken up into 10ml of distilled water and hydrolyzed with 2N HCl at 102°C for 72 hours. Hydrolysates were taken up into 10ml of distilled water. Hydrolysates were concentrated under reduced pressure. In the qualitative analysis reported by Ludowieg, these concentrated materials produced the same pink color intensity given by glucosamine HCl showing the peak O. D. value at 538mμ. Hydrolysates examined by one-dimensional chromatography with the solvent of pyridine +ethanol +water (6+4+3 by vol.) gave spot with Ehrlich-reagent, showing the same Rf value as that of glucosamine-HCl.
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  • Akira TAKANAKA, Ryuichi KATO, Yoshihito OMORI
    1969 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 260-265_1
    Published: August 05, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of short term administration of food additives and colors on microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme in rats liver were investigated.
    1. Oil yellow OB, 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide, dibutylhydroxytoluene, propyl gallate and sodium dehydroacetate caused liver enlargement in rats.
    2. A significant decrease in the activity of serum cholinesterase was observed in the rats treated with oil yellow OB or naphthol yellow S.
    3. The activities of aminopyrine N-demethylation, hexobarbital hydroxylation and butynamine N-demethylation in liver microsomes were significantly increased in dibutylhydroxytoluene treated rats.
    4. The duration of pentobarbital narcosis was significantly decreased in dibutylhydroxytoluene treated rats and it appeared to be decreased in dehydroacetic acid treated rats.
    It is, therefore, supposed that the relatively high lipid soluble compounds which are metabolized in liver microsomes, such as dibutylhydroxytoluene, increased the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver microsomes.
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  • On the Detection Rate of Clostridium perfringens Type A and Heat-Resistance of Isolated Strains
    Tadataka TANIGUTI, Buhei ZENITANI
    1969 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 266-271_1
    Published: August 05, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An attempt was made to detect Clostridium perfringens in raw sea-foods from June to September when food poisoning occurs most commonly. The heated and unheated specimens of the body surface and of the alimentary canal of the sea-foods (193 samples) shown in Table 1 were subjected to the isolation. The results obtained from these experiments are as follows.
    1) The 198 strains of Cl. perfringens (identified by Benoki's criterion), that is, the 172 strains from the 171 samples of fish, the 9 strains from the 8 samples of squids, the 4 strains from the 6 samples of shellfish and the 13 strains from the 8 samples of peeled shrimps were isolated (Table 2). Moreover it was revealed as a result of toxicological typing by means of a mouse protection test that every one of those isolates was Type A, and Types from B to F were not detected.
    2) For the period from June to September, Cl. perfringens Type A was detected in a high percentage mainly in the unheated specimens of the body-surface of sea-foods, but the microorganisms were not detected in the specimens in October. The rate of detection of Cl. perfringens Type A in the alimentary canal of sea-foods was generally low except a few kinds of fishes (Tables 3 and 4).
    3) All the strains of Cl. perfringens Type A isolated from the unheated specimens were heat-sensitive. On the other hand, heat-resistant (100°C, 60min) Cl. perfringens Type A was isolated selectively by applying heating-treatment (80°C, 20min) to the specimens. And the majority of Cl. perfringens (identified by Benoki's criterion) isolated from the heated specimens did not agree with the identification-criterion of Strong et al., especially in the case of heat-resistant strains (Table 5).
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  • Yukio NAKAMURA
    1969 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 272-276_1
    Published: August 05, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Benzoic acid (BA) was converted quantitatively to dinitrobenzoic acid with nitrate in sulfuric acid. This compound was produced characteristic color with alcohol, acetone and alkali. A linear relation was confirmed between the absorbance and the amount of BA.
    The procedure was as follows. Up to 3ml of acetone containing up to 3mg of BA was taken in a test tube and evaporated with dried air.
    The residue was heated in a boiling water-bath for 40 minutes with 0.2g of potassium nitrate and 0.5ml of sulfuric acid, and the mixture was transferred with 30ml of water into a separatory funnel and shaken with 10ml of iso-butanol for 30 seconds.
    After washing with 10ml of 1% sulfuric acid, the iso-butanol layer was separated into a centrifuge tube and was shaken with 0.1g of calcium carbonate for neutralization.
    1ml of centrifuged iso-butanol layer was introduced into a colorimetric tube with 2ml of acetone and 1ml of 0.05N sodium hydrooxide.
    The absorbance was measured at 555mμ every 5 minutes, after let, for 20 minutes at 20-30°C (four times). The concentration of BA was determined at the maximal absorbance.
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  • Koujiro SAGA, Nobuyuki SHINOHARA
    1969 Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 277-280
    Published: August 05, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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