Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)
Online ISSN : 1882-1006
Print ISSN : 0015-6426
ISSN-L : 0015-6426
Volume 11, Issue suppl
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
  • Yasumasa ONO, Keiichi SAKAI, Hiroshi MONMA
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S1-S6
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: March 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    During the period of 1968 and 1969, insect pest of the confection was investigated in Miyagi Prefecture.
    Almost all the damages found out by the consumers' complaints about worm-eaten confectioneries as well as the damaged ones detected by our observations in the marketing process, were caused by larvae of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. The number of damages above-mentioned was conspicuous with the chocolate group, especially chocolate with nuts, solid milk chocolate being the next. The damages among other confectioners; those with nuts or beans, such as sugar-coated nuts or beans, were remarkable.
    The rest, the Saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, and the Japanese white-marked spider beetle, Ptinus japonicus, ate solid milk chocolate.
    In addition to this, the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci, was found in the bait trap using biscuits; and the Meal snout moth, Pyralis farinalis, the European grain moth, Nemapogon granella, the Japanese grain moth, Aphomia gularis, the Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, and the Azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis, were collected in our general survey.
    Plodia's distribution proved to be wide in the Prefecture owing to the consumers' complaints and to the bait trap method (using solid milk chocolate, biscuits, caramels with peanuts). And the insect found in all stores where we set the trap: candy stores, general food stores (inclusing super-markets), and small-sized general stores dealing confections; and in every warehouse of wholesalers. Besides, Plodia was often found in onsumers' houses. Thus, the damage by this insect may take place everywhere.
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  • Studies on the Control of the Indian Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner (IV)
    Masayoshi YOSHIDA, Shoji KIMURA, Takashi ANDO
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S7-S11
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to know about the period when the adult insect is active and shows its mating and ovipositing behavior, the authors made continuous observation of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner.
    (1) The period when the adult insect was active, was during 13 hours from 5p. m. to 5a. m., and it was considered that their activity was closely related with the luminous intensity of the environment. The number of active insects increased rapidly when it passed 6p. m., decreased gradually after the number reached the maximum at 8p. m., and it decreased very rapidly when it passed 10p. m.. The period when the insect was most active, was during 4 hours from 7p. m. to 10p. m..
    (2) The migration, the mating and the ovipositing behavior of them occurred during the period when the adult insect was active.
    (3) The uncopulated female of this moth was keeping the so-called calling pose holding up its tail. When the male drew near that female, the male moved actively with the mating dance making its wings tremble feverishly, came close to the female and copulated with it.
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  • Studies on the Control of the Indian Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner (V)
    Takaya IKEMOTO
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S12-S16
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the previous paper dealing with the ovipositing behavior of the Indian meal moth, we showed that the ovipositional preference to certain confectionery was remarkable. In the present parer, we described the result of the experimental analysis of material factors in the ovipositional preference of this moth.
    (1) Compared with the larval development reared under three different foods, the confectionary on which the adult insect oviposited preferably was found not necessarily to be a good food to the larva.
    (2) In order to know the chemical factors in the ovipositional preference, we used the clay disks treated with the ingredients of milk chocolate. From the result of this experiment, it was recognized that the main effect of sucrose and chocolate liquor of two-factor interaction among them was remarkable.
    (3) It was observed that the adult was able to distinguish the presence of sucrose. Number of eggs laid differed significantly with 5.0, 3.0 1.0 or 0.5% sucrose content. Eggs were laid most on 5.0% fraction and was very few in the others.
    (4) It was confirmed that the condition of the surface (rough or plane) of oviposition sites was one of the physical factors in the ovipositional preference, If clay disks were made from the same material, the number of eggs laid on rough disks should be larger than that on plane disks.
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  • Shun-ichi NAKAO, Asako YAMAGUCHI, Naoki OHAMA, Naoyuki OTSU, Ziro YOSH ...
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S17-S22
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    he authors have been continuing an ecological investigation of confectionery insects since 1967 in the northern part of Kyushu for the purpose of controlling them and in this paper, the results of 1967 are reported.
    1. 13 species of insects probably injurious to confectionery were found out in Kurume. Above all, the number of Oryzaephilus surinamensis Linné was largest and that of Plodia interpunctella Hübner was next to it. And Ahasverus advena Walti occurrred in abundance concentrically for a particular short period. And Ephestia cautella Walk, Carpophilus hemipterus Linné and Liposcelis exedra Bodonnel were relatively larger in number than the others.
    2. The active period of Oryzaephilus surinamensis lasted from the first ten days of May to the middle of November and they became most active in both June and August. On the other hand, Plodia interpunctella have been most active from the last ten days of July to the middle of August, and their highly active period was shorter than that of Oryzaephilus surinamensis. For this species, there was an effective parasite, Bracon hebetor Say, which reduced greatly the outbreak of their hosts after September.
    3. Each species of these insects varied a little in what kinds of confectionery it preferred. Plodia interpunctella and Ephestia cautella liked the flour of nuts (the mixture of peanuts and almonds), Oryzaephilus surinamensis the flour of nuts and biscuit, and Carpophilus hemipterus the chocolate.
    4. The population density of each pest insects was highest in the stores where the crumbs of confectionery were scattered around for insufficient cleaning and these crumbs provided the source of succeeding outbreaks for insects. And besides, it was also higher in the stores which sold not only confectionery but other general foods than in the stores which sold confectionery only.
    5. The possibility of damage by infestation seems to be greatest in the storehouses of wholesale stores where confectionery goods are stored relatively for a long time and the densities of the insects are highest. Thus it can be considered that our efforts to control confectionery insects should be concentrated on control at these storehouses in the process of marketing.
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  • Tadahiro NARAFU, Masataka SATO
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S23-S32
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This is the report on the biology of insect injurious to the confections in Aichi Prefecture by our observation. Injurious insects mostly appear between July and September through the year. We report herewith thirteen species of insect injurious to the confections, of which eight species were directly examined and determined of their specific names. Most important species were Plodia interpunctella Hübner and Oryzaeophilus surinamensis Linné.
    According to our observation, the packages of thin cellophane and alminium foil were invasive easily by the larva of P. interpunctella and its adult of more oviposited to the comparatively dark places.
    We determined the effectiveness of repellent medicine and had compared the different thirteen repellents to P. interpunctella, O. surinamensis and Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Most repellents were useful to P. interpunctella and O. surinamensis but heptyl acetate to O. surinamensis and camphene, n-heptyl alcohol, isoamyl acetate and di-n-butyl Succinate to P. interpunctella indicated the inducement. Acetophenone, camphene and indalone were useful to T. castaneum, but α-pinene, 2, 3, 4-tetrachlorobutane and heptyl acetate indicated the inducement and put the insect to death.
    Additionally, the larva of Cryptolestes turcicus (Grouvelle) is described and illustrated first in Japan.
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  • Toshiharu YOSHIDA
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S33-S39
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The Indian-meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübn. is the most serious pest of confectionery in Japan. The seasonal population trend of the pest was examined in a Japanese mosquito net put up at the laboratory of Miyazaki University using rice-bran as a food of the insect. The numbers of alive moth, emerged and dead one were recorded everyday. The fluctuations of room temperature and moisture were recorded, too.
    In southern Kyushu, from late of March the moth of the first generation may begin to emerge and reach a peak of abundance at the end of April. From early to middle of June the moth of the second, from middle to late of July the third, and from early to late of August the fourth generation appear. At the first half of October the moth of the fifth generation emerge and almost all diapause may occur at the full grown larvae of this generation. The ‘developmental zero’ and the ‘thermal constant’ of this species were estimated at the temperature of 11.5°C and 462.5 in degree-days.
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  • Eikichi NAKADA, Masao BENOKI
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S40-S44
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The laboratory-raised strains of Oryzaephilus surinamensis Linné, Plodia interpunctella Hübner and Cadra cautella Walker were placed into specially equipped bait test tubes, to examine whether they have abilities of boring several packing materials or not. The test tubes were then incubated at about 28°C with about 75% humidity. The packing materials used in this experiment were glassine, dampproof cellophane, polyethylene, polypropylene, aluminum, vinyl coat aluminum and laminated aluminum. As results, the strong defensive abilities against the boring of the insects were observed on aluminum, and then on polypropylene. These two materials have several different characteristics, and in use, they will help each other. It is desirable to use vinyl coat aluminum or laminated aluminum for the packing of confections in order to protect them from the insect damages.
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  • Masato TAMURA, Hiroe MIYAJIMA
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S45-S50
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The chemotaxis of the larvae of the Indian-meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner were examined by means of the Y-tube olfactometer (Fig. 1).
    The experiments herein reported, in which about 59 odourous chemicals chosen were tested, have demonstrated the following point regarding attraction and repellency to the Indian-meal moth.
    A definite amount of chemicals (0.01cc for liquids or 10mg for solids) suspending in 100cc distilled water was tested. From the results obtained chemicals were classified into attractants (+), repellents (-), and ineffective substances (±). The power of attraction or repellency of the substance tested is represented by the following ratio:
    (I: index A: odorous side R: odorless side N: total) A and R are the numbers of the larvae traveled to the odorous and odorless sides respectively, when 3 hours passed after the start of the test, and 20-40 indicates the total number of larvae tested in two or three times replicated (Table 1).
    The results obtained are as follows.
    Attractive flavour substances: Iso-amyl propionate, citral, ethyl cinnamate.
    Repellentive flavour substances: Allyl cyclohexyl propionate, eugenol, iso-amyl formate, decyl aldehyde, diacetyl, jasminal, linalol, ethyl iso-valerate, citronellal, isoamyl iso-valerate.
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  • Sawako MATUZAKI, Fumiko SIMAMURA, Keiko ASADA, Toshiko IWASAKI, Kayako ...
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S51-S68
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper reports results of studies on the stored-product pests in confections conducted from August 1968 to November 1969 at six survey areas in Kochi and of experimental studies on Oryzaephilus mercator, which was first found to be resident in the district of Kochi in our present study, in comparison with O. surinamensis, a common species in Japan of the same genus, and a species of another genus, Plodia interpunctella, as well. Laboratory studies on the development of O. mercator and O. surinamensis depending on different ages of parents and temperatures were made.
    To sum up briefly, the important ones among these results are as follows. (1) Out of the total observed number of 1722 of confections, high infestation rates of pests, 2.67% (15 species) and 18.2% (26 species), were found in samples taken from confections for sale and those of return, respectively. And as the results of our survey for a year, we could recognize three common species of pests, O. surinamensis, O. mercator and P. interpunetella. (2) Among different confections, biscuits were most severely infected as compared with chocolate and caramel confections. (3) High infestation rates were observed on the shops at rural areas in Kochi, on the shops of miscellaneous goods and on the wholesale store, hence we may well safely consider that the pest infection of confections is apt to occur severely in goods remaining long unsold and badly controlled at confection retail stores. (4) Seasonal fluctuations of O. mercator in the number collected by traps every week at confectioners factories distinct three peaks of adults and four peaks of larvae in the period from May to February, and it turns out that this pest may have four generations in a year (Fig. 19). But its fluctuation in number at the store of wholesale trade and retail stores never indicates such distinct peaks. (5) Developmental periods (egg to emergency) at 28°C did not show any distinct difference between both species, O. surinameusisand O. mercator, except that O. suriuamensis could not emerge, while another species could do at 32°C, both species emerging at 15°C. (6) In our study, we were aware of the fact that these two species of Oryzaephilus have intensive positive thigmotaxis (stereotaxis). (7) Faculty of boring polyethylene paper (0.02mm thickness), used for chocolate cover, becomes greatest for O. mercator when the population is of intermediate density (32 per cage in size 30cm3), whereas it becomes smaller in cases of lower or higher densities. (8) In O. mercator, the developmental period of offspring of parents of older ages (13 days old or more) was reduced by about two days as compared with that of parents younger than 13 days old, and the length and width of the thorax of offspring became shorter, P. interpunctella has the same tendency. (9) As three pairs of ovariole are found in both species of Oryzaephilus, it is possible that a female of these lays six eggs a day. The breeding period were six months at longest. (10) As to insecticidal activity for two species exposed to DDVP, O. mercator and O. surinamensis were found to be almost equal in LD50 values obtained by the topical application method (24hrs, 28°C). As the result of other experiments, which is shown in Fig. 22 in the LT50 values (y) observed at different distances (x) from DDVP-plates to pests, the relationship between the distances and insecticidal activity for pests seems to be formularized by y=0.433x+14.700. (11) P. interpunctella has 4th instar larval stages, periods of egg to emergence being about 30 days, and the pest comes to maturity in several hours after emergence and periods of egg-laying are almost a week.
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  • Kiyoki MORITA, Tatsuo YABE, Fumio HARADA
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S69-S72
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    During the period from June 1968 to April 1969, macroscopic arthropods were isolated monthly from the dust and refuse collected by a vacuum cleaner at various places of the peanuts confectionery and chocolate storehouse at Hatano in Kanagawa Prefecture. Sixteen species including ten species of food injurious insects such as confused flour beetles (Tribolium confusum), flat grain beetles (Cryptolestes minutus), almond mothes (Ephestia cautella) saw-toothed grain beetles (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) and small-eyed flour beetles (Palorus ratzeburgi) were detected. They occurred in number in the seasons of summer to autumn and it was noticed that they have many chances of attacking confections or other sweets everywhere surveyed.
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  • Shiro OSHIMA, Yuzuru NAKAMURA, Kazuko SUGITA
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S73-S77
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Out of 432 pieces of chocolate examined, 1.2% were found to be infested with stored product pests. The pests consisted of the Indian-meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and the mushroom mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae. The infestation occurred more often in autumn. It required four months or more until new infestation would occur in candy store (confectionery retail store). It became clear that the fauna of the house dust of candy store (confectionery retail store) had two significances of the infestation, i. e., some of them would infest the confection as the source of contamination while some of them would remain in the house dust as the indicator of the infestation of the confection.
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  • Eikichi NAKADA, Masao BENOKI
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S78-S82
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    During the period of 1967-68, a total of 1, 386 pieces of confections (1, 041 of chocolates and the like, 255 of biscuits and the like, 90 of nut-caramels and others) were purchased from the confectioners, groceries, super-markets and department stores, which were located in six representative areas of Tokyo, and examined both macroscopically and microscopically whether they were containing insects or not. On the other hand, a total of 148 sentinel confections known to have been free from insects were placed at three confectioners and were examined at certain intervals.
    Results obtained are summarized as follows:
    1) The main insects found in the confections were Plodia interpunctella Hübner andOryzaephilus surinamensis Linné, and the main mite was Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank).
    2) Insects were detected from chocolates, biscuits and the like. There were no geographical nor seasonal distinct difierences on the detection rate.
    3) There was a slight tendency that the incidence might have been related in some way to the storage period of the confections.
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  • Hiroshi MATSUZAWA, Miyuki TADA, Yasuo HOSOTANI
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S83-S95
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to clarify the actual state of the damage of confectionery caused by insect pests in Kagawa Prefecture, present research was carried out in the period from 1967 to 1970 and acquired the following results:
    The insect pests injurious to confectionery were about 34 species, mainly belonging to Coleoptera and Lepidoptera which are known as the eminent cerial pests. However, the 2 species, namely, the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and the Indian meal moth, Piodia interpunctella were especially injurious like in other districts. The former usually had 4 generations a year and the latter had 3 generations. The peak of appearance of the adult of the former fell on the season from June to August and that of the latter was from the middle of July to the beginning of August in general. Most of the insect pests injurious to the products were frequently observed in the local factories of confectionery, therefore, there are some problems that should be considered. On the other hand, at some local shops of confectionery and groceries, these insect pests were also observed, and their activities were remarkable during the season from July to September. From these actual status, the problems relating to the management of treatment of confectionery at the shops were also pointed out. Moreover, under such status, the damage of confectionery caused by these insect pests apparently increases with the lapse of time after the display of goods on the shop-shelves. Generally speaking, chocolates and biscuits which were prepared by large manufacturers scarcely suffer from the damage by these insect pests in the process of manufacturing, however, they frequently suffer from injury of various pests in the process of circulation of goods after coming out from factories. It is clear that the damage was closely connected with the way of packing or the packing materials, though the damage of these confectionery was comparatively great in summer season and the 2 species of insects already mentioned were also very injurious. The damage of chocolates mixed with almonds, nuts, or raisins was especially greater than other kind in general. The damage of confectionery caused by insect pests seems clearly to have come from the irrational management or treatment of goods on the shelves and the wholesale stores at which the withdrawn goods were held together with the new ones even if a short time. And these status seem to have been the important problem previous to the controlling pests by chemicals at present. Accordingly, the measure of control of pests should be at first set forth from the step of full guidance for the insect pests to traders concerned, and the chemical control of these pests should be considered in the next step and be used only in the particular case.
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  • Koichi SAITO, Hideya CHIKAKI
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S96-S100
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This investigation was carried out to see the damage of confectionery by insect pests in Shimane Prefecture from June in 1968 to September in 1970.
    Chocolate, biscuit and caramel were put under investigation. Among them, chocolate suffered most easily, biscuit next and caramel least. The main noxious insects were Plodia interpunctella and Oryzaephilus surinamensis. Other species mattered so little. At the shop windows, confectionery seems to suffer throughout the year, the damage being most from July to September and less from November to June of next year.
    Ephestia cautella and Plodia interpuntella were parasitized by Habrobracon hebetor from September to October. Sometimes Oryzaephilus was parasitized by Cephalonomia formiciformis in Number.
    As for Plodia interpunctella, the sex ratio, the life of adult and the period growthwere investigated.
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  • Megumi HASEGAWA
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S101-S103
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It was investigated in this report on the insects found in foods and food products in Hokkaido during the period of 1968 and 1969. All of 69 cases were listed up in this report for these two years.
    The number of identified species of insects in these cases was 35, belonging to 8 orders, i. e. THYSANURA, COLLEMBORA, ORTHOPTERA, PSOCOPTERA, HEMIPTERA, LEPIDOPTERA, COLEOPTERA and DIPTERA.
    Among them Plodia interpuctella is the most important species in Hokkaido, and larvae of this moth were found in 27 cases. Of those cases 15 were reported in September, and 6 and 5 cases were found in August and October, respectively.
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  • Masuo IKUZAWA
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S104-S106
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Toyoaki HARADA
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S107-S110
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. Confectioneries sampled from a total of 56 retail stores in Tokyo Metropolitan District and 10 other outlying prefectures were surveyed for its susceptibility to insect pests. The samples consisted chiefly of chocolates and nut-containing caramels. The stores were selected taking their geographical locations and environments into consideration while the checking time was settled so as to coincide with the period when the pests were seasonally rampant. Result: Signs evidencing their infestation were not shown.
    2. Despite the absence of phisical damage to the confectioneries, the containers used for displaying and storing the content at the retail stores were, on many occasions, found to contain pests, within them, namely, Plodia interpunctella and Oryzaephilus surinamensis.
    3. A list of 15 insects considered to fall under the general category of cenfectionery pests has been made, as classified by material constituting the confectionery so well as by that used in packaging it.
    4. The author recommends the use of pesticidal agents as a measure of preventing, and controling the occurrence as well as damage of confectionery pests. An appropriate pesticide administration to both the warehouse and retail store in early stages of insect propagation will promise an effective control. The results of tests conducted by the author were proved to be completely satisfactory. The control agent used was gassifying type synthetic resin preparation containing dimethy1-2, 2-dichlorovinyl phosphate, which is available in plate forms.
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  • Katsushige HORI, Kikue KOSAKA, Haruo MINE
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S111-S114
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Kikue KOSAKA, Katsushige HORI, Haruo MINE
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S115-S123
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to protect confection from vermin, the investigation on the wapped plastic films for confection and their perforation by vermin was made, and then the experiment to know what kind of films was easily perforated by vermin was tried, and furthermore the test of electric light killer for vermin was put.
    These results obtained were as follows: (1) 200 samples of the wrapped plastic films of the claimed confections were tested by infrared spectra. Consequently, a large number of these films were made of polyethylene-laminated-cellophane and polypropylene, and a few were made of cellophane, dampproof-cellophane and polyethylene etc.. (2) The relationship between the above-mentioned plastic films and the vermin's perforating of them were tested by use of the nice confection for vermin, and consequently, it was found that polyethylene, cellophane and polypropylene had easily been perforated by vermin, especially by Plodia intepunctella Hbn. larvae. (3) Therefore, to keep away vermin from confection by wrapped film, as its material, polyvinylidenechloride, polyvinylchloride, polycarbonate or polyester film are necessary to be used. (4) Electric light killer was scarcely effective for the confection vermin like Plodia interpunctella Hbn. larvae.
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  • Kiyoki MORIYA, Tatsuo YABE, Fumio HARADA
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S124-S128
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to know the effects of eight insecticides, susceptibility tests were carried out by the topical application method on the several important confectionery pests such as cigarette beetles (Lasioderma serricorne), Indian meal mothes (Plodia interpunctella), sawtoothed grain beetles (Oryzaephilus surinamensis), rice weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) and Adzuki bean weevils (Callosobruchus chinensis).
    The results showed that comparing with the common house mosquito (Culex pipiens pallens), the house fly (Musca domestica vicina) and the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), these insects had high tolerance levels, but they were susceptible to pyrethorins and sumithion (fenitrothion) than other insecticides tested. According to the KT50 values, relatives, toxicities of the insecticides were as follows; pyrethorins>sumithion>malathion> lindane>alethrin>DDT>DDVP for the cigarette beetle and pyrethrins>DDVP>sumithion=phtalthrin>lindane>malathion for the Indian meal moth, respectivity.
    Effectiveness of DDVP strips upon the saw-toothed grain beetle, the cigarette beetle, the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), the Adzuki bean weevil and the Indian meal moth were tested with a box (0.5m3) in which the insects were exposed by the strips. From the test results, susceptibilities assessed by the KT50 values as follows; common house mosquito house fly>Indian meal moth>saw-toothed grain beetle>German cockroach>American cockroach>yellow mealworm>cigarette beetle. It is clear from the data presented that the DDVP strips can be used in practice under limited conditions for the control of these insects.
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  • Shiro OSHIMA, Yuzuru NAKAMURA, Kazuko SUGITA
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S129-S131
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Under three rooms with different conditions of air, the effects of DDVP resin strips, containing 18.5% DDVP, were estimated te both larvae and adults of the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum and larvae of the Indian-meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Adults of the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens were also employed as a test insect. To the adults of them the strips showed sufficient effects even on the condition of regular ventilation, while the efficacy of strips to larvae was unsatisfactory even on the condition of air-tight.
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  • Megumi HASEGAWA
    1970 Volume 11 Issue suppl Pages S132-S134
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The new insecticide, trans isomer of 2-chloro-1- (2, 4, 5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl shows very remarkable effect against the most popular food injurious insects, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Lasioderma serricorne and Tribolium confusum, when used in one litter per one square meter of 2.5% solution.
    From these results the author supposes that this insecticide would be used as precautionary measures for foods and food products against many species of insects.
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