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Volume 19 (1978)
- Issue 6 Pages 511-
- Issue 5 Pages 411-
- Issue 4 Pages 343-
- Issue 3 Pages 255-
- Issue 2 Pages 167-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 19, Issue 5
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Junsaku NONAKA1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 411-416
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1074K) -
Determination of Polychlorinated Quaterphenyl (PCQ) in Kanemi Rice Oil Caused the “Yusho” and Investigation on the PCQ FormationHideaki MIYATA, Yasuyuki MURAKAMI, Takashi KASHIMOTO1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 417-425_1
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOur earlier study revealed that unknown organochlorinated compounds, which were mainly composed of polychlorinated quaterphenyl (PCQ), were present largely in Kanemi rice oil caused the “Yusho.”
In this report, in order to determine PCQ in Kanemi rice oil, a simple analytical method for PCQ was established and PCQ standard was prepared.
The actual PCQ level in the oil was 490 to 866ppm, equivalent to 0.88-3.46 times more than the actual PCB level found in the oil.
Moreover, the chlorine concentration of PCQ in the oil was 207 to 450ppm by MCDGC. From this result, it was confirmed that PCQ occupied 72-89% of the unknown in the oil.
In addition to clarify the cause why large quantities of PCQ was present in the oil, Kanechlor 400 (KC-400), which had been used as the thermotransfer media, was analysed for PCQ. Consequently, it became clear that PCQ had generated at level of 690-31, 000ppm in the thermotransfer media.
Therefore, it was investigated whether PCQ would be generated thermochemically from PCB.
KC-400, Japanese commercial PCB preparation containing 48% chlorine, was poured in a glass ampoule. After the ampoule was sealed, it was heated under various conditions. Consequently, it was confirmed that PCQ was generated thermochemically from KC-400 by heating KC-400 at high temperature in a glass ampoule. The PCQ level in KC-400 increased by heating KC-400 at higher temperature and during longer period. Moreover, it was clear that the PCQ formation was more accelerated by heating under the presence of stainless steel and water, and consequently the PCQ concentration in heated KC-400 became the maximum level, 47, 000ppm.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K) -
Masakazu TUTUMI, Asao MATSUOKA, Eiichirou SHOZAKI, Kazue TATSUKUCHI, I ...1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 426-430_1
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThough the concentration of sodium chloride in salt-tolerance of Staphylococcus aureus was approximately 15%, the bacterial cells survived in the medium containing 18% sodium chloride for 10 days. They were able to grow in the presence of 0.1% cholate, but no appreciable growth was observed in the presence of 0.2% cholate. However, they survived in the presence of 0.5% cholate for 10 days.
The salt-tolerance of the cells lowered markedly in the presence of cholate, e. g., the salt-tolerance fell to 4, 3, 2, 1% and below 1% in the presence of 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08 and 0.09% cholate, respectively. When the cells were heated at 55°C for 10min in the presence of 0.05% cholate and 3% sodium chloride, cooled by running water, frozen in a freezer at -20°C, allowed to stand for a few weeks and thawed in an incubator controlled at 30°C, they suffered fatal damage and the growth lagged for several days, compared with the growth of native cells.
The synergistic effects of cholate and sodium chloride on the growth were strongly enhanced by heating and freezing of the cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (554K) -
Studies on the Acute and Subacute (3 Months) Toxicities by the Oral Administration in RatsTadahiko OTAKA, Koji MIYOSHI, Yoko KOMAI, Hiroshi NAKAYOSHI1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 431-442_1
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcute and subacute (3 months) toxicities of chloroform extracts of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resins catalyzed by titanium or germanium were studied in rats by the oral administration. The following results were obtained.
1) By the single oral administration, the PET-extracts did not show any toxic signs during 7 days even at the largest dose of technical permittance, 10g/kg.
2) By the oral administration (PET-Ti: 5, 30, 180 and 400mg/kg/day, PET-Ge: 5, 30 and 180mg/kg/day) for 3 months, no remarkable changes were observed in general behavior, body weight, food intake, serum biochemical and hematological findings, urinalysis and organ weights.
It is concluded that chloroform extracts from PET resins do not have any toxic effect on rats under the experimental conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1316K) -
Analytical Procedure of Trichothecene Mycotoxins in CerealsHisashi KAMIMURA, Motohiro NISHIJIMA, Kazuo SAITO, Shyoko TAKAHASHI, A ...1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 443-448_1
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analytical procedure was investigated for the quantitative determination of several trichothecene mycotoxins in foods by gas chromatography.
The presented method was composed as follows: The trichothecene mycotoxins were extracted from the sample with methanol. Concentrated extract was added on the Amberlite XAD-2 column, subsequently Florisil column chromatography was carried. The eluate was concentrated to dryness and 0.5ml of sililating reagent was added to the residue. Sililating reagent was prepared by mixing TSIM, TMCS, and chloroform in the volume ratio (1:0.2:9). TMS derivatives of trichothecene mycotoxins were determined by gas chromatography using a hydrogen flame ionization detector.
Five trichothecene mycotoxins (nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, diacetoxyscirpenol and T-2 toxin) were recovered at 68-101% from 4 sample (barey, wheat, corn and rice) added these mycotoxins at the 1.0ppm level and the detection limit by the proposed method was 0.1ppm.
As the results of the survey of 42 commercial foods, trichothecene mycotoxins were not detected.
The presented method was found to be sufficiently satisfactory for the quantitative determination of trichothecene mycotoxins in foods.View full abstractDownload PDF (735K) -
Microorganisms Found in Commercial Orange and Apple JuiceMichiko KOBATAKE, Hiroshi KURATA, Kazuo KOMAGATA1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 449-456_1
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMicrobiological analysis of the commercial fruit juice, which were packed in the polyethylene-coated paper containers without addition of preservatives, were performed. Viable counts were determined on standard agar for bacteria, and on yeast extractmalt extract agar and on potato dextrose plus chloramphenicol agar for yeasts and molds. About 40% of the fruit juice samples which were tested during a week to a month after production, showed the viable counts 102-106 per ml. However, the counts in samples examined within a week after production showed less than 101 per ml. The counts of orange juices were higher than those of apple juices.
In the microflora of commercial fruit juices, yeasts predominated and followed by molds and bacteria. Yeasts widely distributed in the orange juices were members of the genera Rhodotorula (83%), Cryptococcus (38%) and Candida (33%). Additional genera were Trichosporon, Debaryomyces, Pichia, Kloeckera, Hansenula and Cephaloascus. The frequency of occurrence of molds was not high on all the samples tested, but Aureobasidium, Aspergillus and Botrytis were found to be dominant in the orange juice. In addition, Phoma, Mucor, Cladosporium and Penicillium were isolated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1010K) -
Determination of Yeasts Isolated from Commercial Orange JuiceMichiko KOBATAKE, Kazuo KOMAGATA, Hiroshi KURATA1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 457-461_1
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe yeasts isolated from 24 samples of commercial orange juice were studied taxonomically. The following 72 strains were identified as the members of 9 different genera: Rhodotorula rubra (Demme) Lodder (13 strains), Cryptococcus laurentii (Kufferath) Skinner (10 strains), Cryptococcus albidus (Saito) Skinner (9 strains), Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatus (Okunuki) Phaff et Fell (9 strains), Rhodotorula minuta (Saito) Harrison (4 strains), Debaryomyces hansenii (Zopf) Lodder et Kreger-van Rij (3 strains), Trichosporon cutaneum (de Beurm., Gougerot et Vaucher) Ota (3 strains), Candida sake (Saito et Ota) van Uden et Buckley (3 strains), Rhodotorula glutinis (Fres.) Harrison (2 strains), Trichosporon pullulans (Lindener) Diddens et Lodder (2 strains), Trichosporon variabile (Lindner) Delitsch (2 strains), Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron et Talice (2 strains), Candida diddensii (Phaff, Mrak et Williams) Fell et Meyer (1 strain), Candida intermedia (Cifferri et Ashford) Langeron et Guerra (1 strain), Candida freyschussii Buckley et van Uden (1 strain), Candida santamariae Montrocher (1 strain), Candida valida (Leberle) van Uden et Buckley (1 strain), Kloeckera apiculate (Reels emend. Klöcker) Janke (1 strain), Hansenula anomala (Hansen) H. et P. Sydow (1 strain), Pichia etchellsii Kreger-van Rij (1 strain), Cephaloascus fragrans Hanawa (1 strain) and Candida sp. (1 strain).View full abstractDownload PDF (451K) -
Takashi UEMURA1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 462-467_1
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSporulation and enterotoxin production in single colonies of Clostridium perfringens developed on the solidified sporulation media were studied. The medium reported by Duncan and Strong was modified and the maximum level in spore numbers and in the amount of enterotoxin was determined when the medium with following ingredients was employed: proteose peptone, 1.8%; yeast extract, 0.2%; sodium thioglycolate, 0.05%; sodium dibasic phosphate (Na2HPO4·12H2O), 1.2%; soluble starch or raffinose, 0.4%; agar, 1.2%. The concentration of carbohydrates largely controled the size of colonies but increasing of that from 0.4% to 0.6% and 0.8% resulted in decreased sporulation.
Strain NCTC 8239 was sporulated on the sporulation medium with 0.4% soluble starch in an anaerobic conditions obtained by three different methods tested; Gas Pak system, the room temperature catalyst method and in mixed gas of 90% nitrogen and 10% carbon dioxide.
A considerable difference in the amount of enterotoxin among colonies was recognized. Two types of colony of strain NCTC 8798 were observed to develope on the medium; colonies consisted of spore at a higher rate and contained much enterotoxin had a tendency to be big and opaque. However, flat and relatively translucent ones produced less enterotoxin. The different properties of enterotoxigenicity of strain NCTC 8798 were maintained in four successive cultures in the Duncan and Strong medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (864K) -
Application of High Performance Liquid Chromatograph for the Determination of N-NitrosodialkylaminesTeruhisa HIRAYAMA, Tatsuya KIUCHI, Syozo FUKUI1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 468-473_1
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe availability of high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) for determination of N-nitrosamines was investigated.
The presented method was as follows: N-nitrosodialkylamines were extracted from supernatant of centrifugalized homogenate with dichloromethane, the N-nitrosamines were separated by HPLC using a silica gel column.
The HPLC peaks of N-nitrosamines disappeared by irradiation of UV light (253.7nm) and treatment of hydrogen azide.
The disappearance of HPLC peaks was adopted for the identification of N-nitrosamines.
The analytical conditions were as follows:
Column, Zorbax sil (Shimadzu, 25cm×2.1mm i. d.); mobile phase, n-hexane-CHCI3 (2:1); flow rate, 0.7ml/min (100kg/cm2); detector, 254nm (spd-1, Shimadzu Spectrophotometric Detector).
The sensitivity limit of detection was 0.05ng of the N-nitrosamines.
The recoveries of N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosadimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodipropylamine and N-nitrosodibutylamine) added in water were more than 99% except N-nitrosodimethylamine.
The presented determination procedure was more rapidly and easily than the other method.View full abstractDownload PDF (650K) -
Yaeko IZAKI, Schunichi YOSHIKAWA, Mitsuo FUJIWARA1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 474-481_1
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the deterioration process of frying oils and fats sampled from fried food manufacturers by determination of changes of chemical indices (petroleum ether insoluble oxidized fatty acid content, carbonyl value, acid value and glyceride dimer fraction content) at definite intervals.
There were two deterioration patterns, one pattern was gradually promotive deterioration with repeating slight changes, and the other attained equilibrium in short time.
The change of carbonyl values was parallel with petroleum ether insoluble oxidized fatty acid contents, and these two indices were good reference.
We reconfirmed that carbonyl value <50meq/kg corresponding to petroleum ether insoluble oxidized fatty acid <0.7% (the limit in the Federal Republic of Germany) seemed to be a guide of deterioration of frying oils and fats.View full abstractDownload PDF (686K) -
Comparison of Tissue Distribution and Biliary Excretion for 3H-Benzyl Violet 4B and 3H-Fast Green FCF (Food Green No. 3) in RatsKen-ichiro MINEGISHI, Kazushige MORIMOTO, Tsutomu YAMAHA1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 482-485_1
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution and biliary excretion of Benzyl Violet 4B and Fast Green FCF were compared in female Sprague-Dawley rats after an oral administration of the 3H-labeled compounds.
The levels of Benzyl Violet 4B distributed in the plasma, ear, abdominal skin and abdominal muscle were higher than those of Fast Green FCF. The cumulative amounts of Benzyl Violet 4B and Fast Green FCF excreted in the bile were 4.26 and 3.81% of the dose by 24hr, respectively. The biological half-lives for Benzyl Violet 4B in the above tissues were longer than those for Fast Green FCF.View full abstractDownload PDF (469K) -
Masaya OKUMURA, Yoko FUJITA, Mikiro IMAMURA, Kiyoshi AIKAWA1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 486-490
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (556K) -
Shuichi ADACHI, Mutsuko MATSUE, Hideo KAWAI, Yutaro HOSOGAI, Takahiro ...1978 Volume 19 Issue 5 Pages 491-495
Published: October 05, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (506K)
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