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Volume 25, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Yoshiko DOHI, Fujiko WATANUGI, Hiroshi KITAI, Kikue KOSAKA, Masakatsu ...1984 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 1-9_1
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTrichothecene mycotoxins were extracted from barley with methanol, and the extract was evaporated to dryness. Water was added, and the aqueous extract was applied to a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column and eluted with 100ml of methanol-water (1:6). The eluates were further cleaned up on a Florisil column, then trichothecene was determined by FID-GC after trimethylsilylation. The recoveries (average) were 88% for deoxynivalenol (DN), 95% for nivalenol (N), 97% for fusarenon-X (F-X), 93% for diacetoxyscirpenol (DS), and 82% for T-2 toxin (T-2) from barley to which trichothecenes had been added at the 0.2-2.0ppm level. The detection limits were 0.04ppm for DN, 0.05ppm for N and F-X, 0.1ppm for DS, and 0.2ppm for T-2. This method was satisfactory for the quantitative and reproducible determination of trichothecenes in cereals.
By this method, trichothecenes in the range of trace-11.44ppm of nivalenol, and trace-1.54ppm of deoxynivalenol have been detected in freshly harvested barley in Ishikawa, northwest Japan, from 1977 to 1982. The TMS-derivatives of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol in naturally contaminated barley could also be identified by GC-MS.
Representative fungi, Fusarium graminearum was predominantly isolated from same barley. The infection frequency of Fusarium were 2-60%.
These data provide conclusive evidence for the natural contamination of trichothecenes and for the infection of field barley of the Northwest Japan by different strains of F. graminearum which produce either nivalenol or deoxynivalenol.View full abstractDownload PDF (949K) -
Yasuhide TONOGAI, Yoshio ITO, Motoo HARADA1984 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 10-18_1
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA generally applicable method for the determination of organic impurities as well as the main dyes in 11 kinds of food coal-tar dyes (Amaranth, Erythrosine, New Coccine, Phloxine, Rose Bengal, Acid Red, Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow FCF, Fast Green FCF, Brilliant Blue FCF, Indigo Carmine) was developed by employing high performance liquid chromatography. A reverse phase partition type column was used with a gradient elution system formed from 1% ammonium acetate solution (pH 8.0) and 20% acetonitrile in methanol. The peak areas were determined by a micro computer attached to the detector. Contents of organic impurities were expressed as total amount of colorless organic impurities (starting materials residues, uncombined intermediates, etc.) and total amount of subsidiary dyes. By the use of the proposed method, a survey of colorless organic impurities, subsidiary dyes and main dyes was carried out on 46 samples of food coal-tar dyes produced in 1982.View full abstractDownload PDF (858K) -
Masatake TOYODA, Motoo HARADA1984 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 19-23_1
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRapeseed oil which had been used for frying fish paste (“Satsuma-age”) in an automatic fryer was tested for effect on the shape change of rabbit erythrocytes. The reaction was carried out at 37°C for 15min by adding 0.1ml of erythrocyte suspension to 5ml of 0.85% sodium chloride phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) homogenized with an acetone solution of 0.5mg of oil sample. Erythrocytes fixed with 0.9% glutaraldehyde solution and coated with gold were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Fresh oil had little effect on the typical biconcave disc form of the erythrocyte membrane. However, increasingly deteriorated oils induced the transformation of biconcave erythrocytes (discocyte) into cupshaped cells (stomatocyte) and then invaginated spheres (sphero-stomatocyte). The oils used for 25 or 66 days induced these shape changes of erythrocytes strongly, and in the case of oil used for 66 days the shape transformation occurred within 5min. The content of free fatty acids, and the acid value and viscosity of the oils showed significant correlations with morphological indices used as semiquantitative measures of erythrocyte shape.View full abstractDownload PDF (4599K) -
Sekio KANOH, Tamao NOGUCHI, Shunichi KAMIMURA, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO1984 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 24-29_1
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 86 specimens of the pufferfish, Fugu pardalis (“higanfugu”), were collected from Kamaishi Bay, Iwate Prefecture, and examined for anatomical distribution of toxicity by the standard assay method using mice. The results obtained showed that the liver and ovary were highly toxic in all the specimens tested; the highest values were 9, 800 and 2, 600MU/g, respectively. The testis of the pufferfish, which has been reported to be mostly nontoxic, was found to be weakly to strongly toxic in most specimens, the highest toxicity being 450MU/g. The muscle, which has been regarded as nontoxic, was found to be toxic in most specimens, with the highest value being 200MU/g. Further, strong to very strong toxicities of up to 1, 700MU/g were detected in the digestive canal contents of many specimens.View full abstractDownload PDF (526K) -
Shyoichi MIYANAGA, Tetsuo HAYASHI, Shyobi KADO, Hikoji ASANO1984 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 30-34_1
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gold amalgamation method to determine the total mercury content in various foods was examined in comparison with the wet digestion-reduction method. The results can be summarized as follows.
(1) In the case of the gold amalgamation method, the effect of moisture can be eliminated by covering the sample with cobalt oxide, and that of acids such as hydrochloric acid can be eliminated by the use of alkaline reagents according to method C (mixtures of calcium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, with cobalt oxide and activated alumina).
(2) The relationship between the values obtained by the wet digestion-reduction method (X) and the gold amalgamation method (Y) could be expressed as follows: Y=1.010X-1.344, r=0.998.
(3) The determination of trace amounts of mercury in various kinds of food samples, which is difficult by the wet digestion-reduction method, can be achieved satisfactorily by the gold amalgamation method.View full abstractDownload PDF (591K) -
Hirotaka OBANA, Shinjiro HORI, Ryoichi TANAKA, Takashi KASHIMOTO1984 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 35-40_1
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are known environmental carcinogens, were analyzed in various foods in order to calculate the daily dietary intakes. Foods were collected through “market basket sampling”, and were classified into thirteen groups after being cooked.
PAH levels in fishes and shellfishes or in meats and eggs were found to be greatly increased after cooking. Fishes and shellfishes contained most PAH, followed by oils and fats or prepared foods.
The main contributors to PAH intake among the thirteen food groups are cereals because of the large amounts eaten, and fishes because of their rather high concentrations. The dietary intakes of PAH were calculated to be 620ng of pyrene, 150ng of anthracene, and 50ng of benzo (a) pyrene. PAHs other than the above mentioned ranged from 40ng to 100ng/day.View full abstractDownload PDF (613K) -
Studies on the Putrefaction of Foods. IYasuhide TONOGAI, Yoshio ITO, Motoo HARADA1984 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 41-46_1
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA separative method for the sensitive determination of histamine, putrescine and cadaverine in raw fish and fish products by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection is described. The three amines were extracted from fish with 10% perchloric acid, and separated from amino acids in the sample solution by extraction with n-butanol. Amines in the extract were converted into the corresponding NBD-amines by reaction with 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (NBD-F) under alkaline conditions. The three amines were separated and determined on a “Zorbax C8” column with 50% phosphate buffer (pH 6) in methanol as the mobile phase. Recoveries of the three amines added to raw sardine at 5 and 25ppm were more than 92.0%. The detection limit of each amine in the sample was 0.2ppm. Considerable amounts of the three amines were detected in half-dried mackerel, dried sardine and mackerel pickled in “miso”. The contents corresponded reasonably well to the values determined by thin layer chromatography with fluorescence densitometry.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K)
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