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Volume 25 (1984)
- Issue 6 Pages 481-
- Issue 5 Pages 401-
- Issue 4 Pages 289-
- Issue 3 Pages 233-
- Issue 2 Pages 99-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 25, Issue 2
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Michio HAMAMOTO, Shigetoshi YAMAGUCHI, Yoshiteru ASAI, Kousou SHIMODA1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 99-105_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bactericidal effect of peracetic acid on Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) spores was investigated. The survival curves of spores were analyzed, and the D value at 25°C was found to be 2.4 (minutes) for 2.0×10-3M peracetic acid. The concentration index was found to be 1.70 from D values in the concentration range of 0.5-5.0×10-3M peracetic acid at 25°C, and the temperature quotient (Q10) was found to be 2.66 from D values at 15-35°C, for 2.0×10-3M peracetic acid.
Almost the same level of bactericidal effect was obtained in the range of pH 3.6-7.2, but a decrease of bactericidal effect was observed at pH 7.8. The bactericidal action was apparently not affected by hydrogen peroxide at low concentrations. D values for P3- oxonia aktiv (OA) solution agreed closely with those for corresponding concentrations of peracetic acid.
After CIP circulation several times, it was observed that the concentration of peracetic acid was decreased much more than that of hydrogen peroxide in OA solution, because of the lower stability of peracetic acid. It was necessary to maintain the initial concentration of peracetic acid for repeat use of OA solution in order to prevent a decrease of bactericidal effect.View full abstractDownload PDF (897K) -
Food Hygienic Significance of Bacillus cereus Contamination in Milk and Dairy ProductsAkira SUZUKI, Tsutomu KAWANISHI, Sumie TAKAYAMA, Misao HARUTA, Yoshika ...1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 106-111_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of B. cereus in 302 samples of domestic skim milk powder was surveyed, and the results obtained were as followed.
1. Total bacterial counts were less than 300 per gram in 91% of the samples examined.
2. B. cereus was isolated from 10.3% of samples and other isolates were classified as Bacillus sp. The isolation rate of B. cereus among all isolates was 8.2%. The B. cereus counts in positive samples were mostly less than 300/g.
3. Among B. cereus isolates, 63% showed starch hydrolysis ability, while 37% did not.
4. We identified 30% and 28% of B. cereus isolates as Biotype 2 and Biotype 4, respectively, by means of Jinbo's method while Biotype 6 accounted for 24%; 82% of isolates classified as B. cereus were included in these three types.
5. The dominant species of Bacillus isolated from skim milk was B. licheniformis (40.5%), followed by B. pumilus (17.3%), B. megaterium (11.1%), B. subtilis (10.0%), B. coagulans (9.5%) and B. cereus (8.2%).View full abstractDownload PDF (806K) -
Studies on Mycotoxins in Foods XVIKazuo SAITO, Motohiro NISHIJIMA, Kazuo YASUDA, Hisashi KAMIMURA, Akihi ...1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 112-117_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analytical method to determine aflatoxins M1 and M2, as well as aflatoxicols I and II, with high recovery from cereals and nuts was developed. Aflatoxins M1 and M2, and aflatoxicols I and II, were extracted from cereals and nuts with methanol-1% sodium chloride solution (55:45) and fat was removed with n-hexane. The solvent extracts were transferred to chloroform, then the chloroform layer was evaporated and the residue was subjected to thin-layer chromatography after being taken up in a small amount of chloroform. The silica gel plate was developed with methanol-ether-chloroform (7:10:70) for separation of aflatoxins B, G and M group and the aflatoxicol group.
When it was desired to separate aflatoxins and aflatoxicols in a sample, the chloroform layer was chromatographed on a silica gel column using ether (for elution of aflatoxicols I and II) and methanol-chloroform (3:97) (for elution of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2) as developing solvents. The eluates containing aflatoxins and aflatoxicols were each evaporated to dryness and the residues were subjected to thin-layer chromatography after being taken up in a small amount of chloroform. Thin-layer chromatography was performed on silica gel plates with ether (for separation of aflatoxicols I and II) and n-amyl alcohol-acetone-chloroform (8:10:80) (for separation of aflatoxins M1 and M2) as developing solvents. A fluorodensitometer was used for quantitative analysis.
The average recoveries were 85% for aflatoxin M1, 66% for M2, 85% for aflatoxicol I and 88% for II from artificially contaminated pistachio.View full abstractDownload PDF (625K) -
Junichi YAMADA, Atsushi TANAKA, Yutaka SHINMURA, Kageaki AIBARA1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 118-124_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe apparent water activity (Aw) of ham treated with ethanol is said to depend upon the method used for measuring it. Samples for examining the influence of ethanol were three kinds of saturated reagent solution (potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and two kinds of salted ground pork. The Aw values of the saturated reagent solutions increased with increase of ethanol concentration as determined by the Japanese official method which is based on the weight equilibrium system, but decreased as determined with an Aw meter (Shibaura Denshi Co., Ltd.) based on the heat conductivity system. However, Aw of the reagent solutions was not influenced by ethanol when determined with a Rotronic Aw meter (immobilized salt sensor); the Aw of the salted ground pork samples decreased slightly with increase of ethanol concentration according to the Rotronic Aw meter.
Ethanol was quantitatively detected in 10 out of 11 commercial semi-dried hams. Aw of 3 hams was found by the official method to be more than 0.950, contrary to the Japanese Food Hygiene Law, but was less than 0.940 as determined with the Rotronic Aw meter. Aw determined by the official method showed a statistical correlation with the concentration of ethanol in the commercial hams at the 5% level of significance. Consequently, the official method was concluded to be unsuitable for measuring Aw of hams treated with ethanol.View full abstractDownload PDF (851K) -
Antimicrobial Action of Salts of Organic Acids on Genus Bacillus. ISusumu INUKAI, Junko KIKUCHI, Tadao WATANABE1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 125-131_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSodium salts of several organic acids were tested for inhibitory effect on some genus Bacillus species known to cause spoilage in commercial canned food. It was found that sodium citrate in glucose broth significantly inhibited the germination of B. stearothermophilus and B. coagulans spores, and slightly inhibited that of B. subtilis spores. However, none of the test compounds was effective on B. licheniformis spores.
Furthermore, it was shown that addition of sodium citrate to the nutrient broth decreased the thermal resistance of B. stearothermophilus spores. In order to investigate the cause of the inhibition of germination and the decrease of thermal resistance, spores were pretreated with sodium salts of organic acid, and the metals released were analyzed. Large amounts of calcium2+ and magnesium2+ were released from B. stearothermophilus and B. coagulans spores treated with sodium citrate solution. B. licheniformis and B. subtilis spores were unaffected.View full abstractDownload PDF (750K) -
Antimicrobial Action of Salts of Organic Acids on Genus Bacillus. Part IISusumu INUKAI, Junko KIKUCHI, Tadao WATANABE1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 132-136_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDivalent cations, especially calcium2+ and magnesium2+, were released from Bacillus spores pretreated with sodium citrate solution or citrate buffers. The amounts released depended on the conditions of treatment such as temperature and heating time (higher temperature and longer time increased the release). The ratio of calcium2+ to magnesium2+ released was approximately constant in spite of various conditions of treatment, and was smaller than the ratio of their content in the spores. Correlation coefficients between calcium2+ and magnesium2+ released were 0.837, 0.818, 0.973 and 0.731 for B. stearothermophilus, B. coagulans, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis spores, respectively.
These results suggest that calcium2+ and magnesium2+ released from spores treated with solutions containing chelating agents are distributed on the surface of spores. The time required for germination of the treated spores was correlated with the amount of metals released during the treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
Antimicrobial Action of Salts of Organic Acids on Genus Bacillus. IIISusumu INUKAI, Junko KIKUCHI, Tadao WATANABE1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 137-141_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of sodium citrate on the outgrowth of vegetative cells of some Bacillus species was investigated. The amounts of calcium2+ and magnesium2+ released from vegetative cells treated with sodium citrate solution or citrate buffers were not correlated with the time required for the treated cells to grow.
The ratio of calcium2+ to magnesium2+ released was close to that present in vegetative cells of each species. It appeared that vegetative cells released the metals readily upon treatment and readily absorbed them from the environment (e. g. culture media).
Antimicrobial action of sodium citrate against B. stearothermophilus spores was examined in canned corn soup. An antigermination effect and a weakening of thermal resistance of the spores were observed, as had been found in vitro.View full abstractDownload PDF (562K) -
Studies on the Fate of Heavy Metals in Animals. IIIYukio TANAKA, Ryoichi TANAKA, Takashi KASHIMOTO1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 142-148_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter continuous oral administration of cadmium chloride (40mg/kg/day) [inorganic form] and of cadmium chloride (20mg/kg/day) with L-cysteine (1, 500mg/kg/day) [organic form] to rats for 5 weeks, the changes of cadmium as well as copper and zinc in the organs, urine and feces were followed for a further 5 weeks while the administration of water or L-cysteine (1, 500mg/kg/day) was continued.
When the oral dosing of cadmium was stopped at the end of the 5th week, irrespective of its administration with or without L-cysteine, the amount of cadmium accumulated in the organs remained almost unchanged for as long as 5 weeks after the termination of the dosage. Thus, the chemical form of cadmium administered had no effect on the elimination of this element from the organs, even if L-cysteine, a strong chelator, was given after 5 weeks. However, the urinary excretion of zinc was increased by the administration of L-cysteine.
The changes of cadmium in liver and kidney were followed during continuous oral dosing of cadmium chloride with and without L-cysteine for 20 weeks. In both cases, cadmium retained in the kidney reached a plateau of about 150 to 170μg/g in 6 to 10 weeks, but that in the liver increased gradually up to 20 weeks. On the other hand, the urinary excretion of cadmium increased continuously to the same degree in both groups. Consequently, it was concluded that cadmium given in an organic form was first combined with metallothionein, and its subsequent fate was the same as that of inorganic cadmium.View full abstractDownload PDF (827K) -
Yasuhide TONOGAI, Yoshio ITO, Motoo HARADA1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 149-157_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA separative determination method for monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine and ammonia in raw fish and fish products was developed by head space gas chromatography. The three amines in potassium hydroxide solution (50%) were volatilized by heating. Ammonia in acetate buffer (pH 3.5) was reacted with chloramine T and then heated for volatilization. The amounts of the three amines and ammonia in raw fish after various storage periods were determined, and a rapid increase of trimethylamine and ammonia was observed after 24hrs at room temperature. Ammonia as a percentage of total volatile compounds was in the range of 86.4-98.8% in raw fish and 48.3-93.9% in dried fish products. Total volatile compounds (A) determined by head space gas chromatography and (B) determined by Conway's method were compared. The ratios A/B ranged between 1.0 and 1.2 in raw fish and between 1.2 and 1.7 in dried fish products, i. e., the amounts found by gas chromatography were rather higher than those by Conway's method.View full abstractDownload PDF (865K) -
Determination of Synthetic Antibacterials in Cultured Fish by High Performance Liquid ChromatographyYoshihiro HORI1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 158-162_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of furazolidone, difurazone, sulfamonomethoxine and sulfadimethoxine in cultured fishes has been developed.
Synthetic antibacterials extracted from samples were adsorbed on an alumina column and were eluted with 20ml of 95% acetonitrile as fraction I (nitrofurans) and then with 30ml of 85% acetonitrile as fraction II (sulfa drugs). Each fraction was injected into an HPLC column packed with Nucleosil 5C18. Fractions I and II were eluted with acetonitrile-acetic acid-water=70:0.1:30 and 30:0.05:70, with detection at 380 and 272nm, respectively.
The recoveries of furazolidone, difurazone, sulfamonomethoxine and sulfadimethoxine were in the ranges of 95.5-99.7%, 84.0-90.0%, 96.7-101.3% and 95.3-99.0%, respectively. The limit of detection of each drug was 0.03ppm in the test samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (527K) -
Tomoko NAGATA, Masanobu SAEKI, Hiroyuki NAKAZAWA, Masahiko FUJITA, Eig ...1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 163-167_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) is described for determining decoquinate residues in chicken tissues.
The drug was extracted from tissues by homogenizing them with a methanol-chloroform mixture. The homogenate was centrifuged, and the supernatant was concentrated and transferred into ethyl acetate. After evaporation of the ethyl acetate solution, the residue was dissolved in chloroform and determined by HPLC. Decoquinate was separated on a Zorbax ODS column (4.6mm×250mm) by using a methanol-water mixture (9:1) conteining 0.01M calcium chloride as a mobile phase. Decoquinate was detected with a spectrofluorometer (excitation and emission wavelengths set at 326nm and 384nm respectively.)
Recoveries of decoquinate added to chicken tissues at levels of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.5ppm were 94.0, 99.0 and 97.4%, respectively. The lower limit of detection is 1.0ng, which is adequate for residues analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (600K) -
Fate of Nitrite and Nitrate in the Mouse. 1Akio TANAKA, Norihide NOSE, Hiroyuki MASAKI, Hisao IWASAKI, Misao HARU ...1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 168-176_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe tissue distribution (brain, lung, spleen, heart, kidney and liver) of nitrite and nitrate in normal mice was investigated by the use of gas-liquid chromatography (GC) with an electron-capture detector. The average contents of nitrite and nitrate in tissues were as follows, brain 0.09μg, lung 0.12μg, spleen 0.07μg, heart 0.12μg, kidney 0.15μg, and liver 0.24μg for nitrite, and brain 0.66μg, lung 0.62μg, spleen 0.72μg, heart 0.64μg, kidney 1.12μg and liver 1.12μg for nitrate. Further, the contents of nitrite and nitrate in various tissues at 30min after oral administration of 100μg or 500μg (as NO2-15N or NO3-15N) of the stable isotope as Na15NO2 or K15NO3 were measured. The amounts detected in each tissue immediately after oral administration were higher than those under normal conditions. In particular, it was noteworthy that NO2-15N was detected after administration of NO3-15N (500μg). The identity of the stable isotope of nitrite and nitrate extracted from various tissues was confirmed by GC-mass spectrometry.
The GC method gave satisfactory recoveries of nitrite and nitrate in various tissues. Although the colorimetric method is influenced by the extract of liver, the GC method was not affected, and it was successfully applied to the determination of nitrite and nitrate in all the mouse tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (991K) -
Fate of Nitrite and Nitrate in the Mouse. IIAkio TANAKA, Norihide NOSE, Hiroyuki MASAKI, Hisao IWASAKI, Misao HARU ...1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 177-184_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fate of nitrite in various tissues of the mouse after administration of Na15NO2 or K15NO3 is described. The method for determining NO2-15N is based on the reaction of NO2-15N with hydralazine in acidic solution to form [15N]-tetrazolophthalazine, a stable compound which can be extracted with an organic solvent and then determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (m/e 172). Amounts of 0.2-10.0μg of NO2-15N can be determined. The detection limit of NO2-15N for the whole procedure was 0.01μg/ml. This is a specific method for NO2-15N. With these techniques, we were able to perform a metabolic fate study of nitrite in various tissues of mouse following a single oral dose of 100μg or 500μg of NO2-15N or NO3-15N. The NO2-15N concentrations in brain, lung, spleen, heart, kidney and liver were followed for 180min after oral administration. In the case of Na15NO2, NO2-15N in various tissues was detected immediately after administration. The disappearance of NO2-15N in various tissues was almost linear. In the case of K15NO3, NO2-15N derived from K15NO3 was detected in various tissues after administration of 500μg of NO3-15N. These results demonstrate the formation of nitrite in the mouse body after administration of nitrate.View full abstractDownload PDF (968K) -
Fate of Nitrite and Nitrate in the Mouse. IIIAkio TANAKA, Norihide NOSE, Hiroyuki MASAKI, Hisao IWASAKI, Misao HARU ...1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 185-192_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fate of nitrate in various tissues of the mouse after administration of Na15NO2 or K15NO3 is described. The method for determining NO3-15N is based on the formation of 4-15NO2-2-sec-butylphenol by the reaction of nitrate and 2-sec-butylphenol in aqueous (5:7) sulfuric acid at room temperature for 15min and subsequent trimethylsilylation to form the trimethylsilyl ester of 4-15NO2-2-sec-butylphenol, which is then determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (m/e 239). Amounts of 0.3-5.0μg of NO3-15N can be determined. The detection limit of NO3-15N for the whole procedure was 0.08μg/ml. This is a specific method for NO3-15N. We used this method to carry out a metabolic fate study of nitrate in various tissues of mouse following a single oral dose of 100μg or 500μg of NO2-15N or NO3-15N. The NO3-15N concentrations in brain, lung, spleen, heart, the kidney and liver were followed for 180min after oral administration. In the case of Na15NO2 administration, the amounts of NO3-15N detected in various tissues derived from K15NO3 reached the maximum values at 30min after administration, then gradually decreased. In the case of K15NO3 administration, the amounts of NO3-15N detected in various tissues reached the maximum values at 45min after administration, then gradually decreased.View full abstractDownload PDF (1005K) -
Tsutomu KANEKO, Hiromi YOKOYAMA, Tsuyoshi TAKAHASHI1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 193-197_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method was developed for rapid determination of microbial counts in milk and milk products by an ATP assay technique. The lower limit of detection of ATP in milk by this method was 1×10-3μg/ml, and when viable microbial cells were present in milk and yoghurt at more than 1.3×105cfu/ml and 4.5×105cfu/ml, respectively, the presence of the microorganisms could be detected within an hour.
However, ATP content in cells varied with the conditions of storage. When a culture of L. bulgaricus was stored in air at 5°C for 14 days, the ATP content of cells decreased to 1/294 of that before storage. On the other hand, when the culture was stored in a vacuum jar, the ATP content in cells decreased to only 1/3. The sensitivity was increased 10 times by establishing a method to concentrate microorganisms in milk, involving addition of 0.050-0.10% ferric chlorid to the milk followed by centrifugation at low temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (707K) -
Hiroshi ISHIDA, Hiroko SEKINE, Hiroshi HASHIDA, Toshiaki FUJII, Shiger ...1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 198-202_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnalytical conditions for the determination of glucono-δ-lactone in soybean curd by gas chromatography were examined, and a standard method is proposed. The method is shown in Scheme 2.
Glucono-δ-lactone is hydrolyzed gradually in aqueous solution, and partially decomposed to gluconic acid, so that glucono-δ-lactone and gluconic acid co-exist in solution. Since glucono-δ-lactone in basic solution is wholly transformed to gluconic acid, it was converted to, and determined as, gluconic acid. The coefficient of variation was 2.36% and the average recovery was 98%.View full abstractDownload PDF (588K) -
Shunji ISHIKURA, Sukeo ONODERA, Shunji SUMIYASHIKI, Teruhisa KASAHARA, ...1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 203-208_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResidual organophosphorus pesticides (OPP) in rice decrease when rice is cooked, but the extent of the decrease varies largely with the kind of pesticide used, ranging from 20% for Dimethoate to 93.5% for Ronnel. To determine the mechanism of this decrease, 14 kinds of pesticides were tested in a model experiment designed to determine their thermal decomposition and steam distillation behavior. From the results of the experiment, the test pesticides can be classified into three groups: 1) compounds resistant to both thermal decomposition and steam distillation (e. g., Dimethoate), 2) compounds thermally stable but susceptible to steam distillation (e. g., Fenitrothion=MEP), and 3) compounds thermally unstable and susceptible to steam distillation (e. g., Diazinon). The experimental results accounted well for the behavior of residual. OPPs in rice during the cooking process, and the residual amounts of OPPs after cooking can be estimated from the results.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Determination of Food Additives by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. IVYoshimi KITADA, Kikuo TAMASE, Munehiko MIZOBUCHI, Michiko SASAKI, Kaor ...1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 209-213_1
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for quantitative determination of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in oily foods and dried fish by high performance liquid chromatography was developed. TBHQ was extracted from foods with ethyl acetate, the solvent was evaporated off, and the residue was dissolved in n-hexane-ethyl acetate mixture (99:1, v/v%). The n-hexane-ethyl acetate mixture was applied to an Extrelut column for extraction and clean-up of TBHQ. The Extrelut column gave an eluate free from emulsion with a high yield of TBHQ. TBHQ was separated on a reverse-phase column, “LiChrosorb RP-8” (4.0mm×15cm), by using acetonitrile/0.01M monobasic potassium phosphate solution (50/50v/v%). Detection was done by absorption measurement at 282nm with 0.04 AUFS. Isoamyl p-hydroxybenzoate was used as an internal standard. Normal phase chromatography with a “LiChrosorb DIOL” column (4.0mm×50cm) was employed for confirmation of TBHQ with 25% ethyl acetate in n-heptane as the mobile phase.
Recoveries of TBHQ from foods were in the range of 91.2-95.1%. The present method permits a simple determination of TBHQ at a level as low as 1.0ppm in oily foods and dried fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (665K) -
Seiichi UENO, Noritaka OYAMADA, Kaoru KUBOTA, Mutsuo ISHIZAKI1984 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 214-218
Published: April 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (510K)
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