(1) 30種類の水棲動物水抽出液タンパク波に及ぼす塩化ヘキサミンコバルトの影響を比較検討し, 実際の検定に役立つ基礎的資料を提供した.
(2) 塩化ヘキサミンコバルトから得られた30種類のタンパク波を分類すれば, group IおよびIIに属するものは認められないで, group IIIおよびIVのいずれかの波形を与えた. したがって, それらは変化に乏しいタンパク波をあらわした.
(3) 得られたタンパク波の波高曲線およびそのcossing pointは類似しているものが多く判定しにくかった.
(4) だから, 塩化ヘキサミンコバルトから得られるタンパク波を実際の検定に有効に役立たせていくためにはさらに適切な工夫を折り込んでいくことが望ましい.

抄録全体を表示

Of 426 cases of food poisoning occurred in Osaka city during the year 1957-1961, 21 cases (4.9%), affecting 720 persons, were due to Salmonellae. They comprised 3 cases due to S. typhimurium, 11 cases due to S. enteritidis, 3 cases due to S. thompson, 2 cases due to S. give, 1 case due to S. senftenberg, and 1 case of mixed infection with S. enteritidis and S. thompson.
The frequency distribution of these Salmonella types varied during the five year study, showing a predominance of thompson, give, and senftenberg types of a chicken source with a marked diminution of enteritidis and typhimurium types of a rodent source in the latter half of the period.

抄録全体を表示

The cultivation method of the mold strain described in the title and the results of its toxicological examinations are presented.
The Cultivation Method Observed: Each culture flask of 300ml in volume is filled with hulled rice immersed in tap water to two third of its volume after remaining water was thoroughly removed. The hulled rice as culture medium iss terilized in the cotton-stopered flasks for 15 minutes at 101b/inin². Subsequently, the mold seed is inoculated and the flasks are kept in an incubator at 30°C for 5 days and as a result of this procedure mold vigorously grows. The flasks are kept for further 14 days in a chamber maintained at 20°C to 23°C. The yellowed rice obtained is dried at 55°C to 60°C and ground.
Toxicological Testings of the Yellowed Rice: The diet containing the yellowed rice flour at the rate of 50 to 10% were subjected to the animal examination using mice fed with the test diet per os ad libitum.
Observation Results of Survival Lengtk of the Test Animals and Further Histological Study: The diet containing the yellowed rice flour at 50%, killed the test animals within 25 days and 25% diet within one month. About two third of all the test animals fed with 10% diet were observed to die within 300 days, the rests still surviving even after 400 days. Pathological findings regarding the test animals above described are as follows: In acute cases, fatty degeneration of the liver and round cell infiltration at periportal spaces in the slight degree were observed. Pleomorthism of the nuclei, without necrotic foci, was showed. In chronical cases, the round cell infiltration of periportal spaces was found to be remarkable and subsequently the infiltration was observed to extend to the central part of the liver. Swelling, hyperplasia of the liver cells and remarkable pleomorthism of the nuclei as well as hyperplasia of intrahepatic bile canaliculi were observed.

抄録全体を表示

1. Through our research into the metabolism in rabbit of Naphthol Yellow S (NYS), it was clarified that NYS was excreted as the unchanged one without forming glucuronide or sulfate.
2. About 10% and 50-70% of the amount of NYS administered to the test animals per os and through the subcutaneous injection respectively were excreted as unchanged NYS. In both cases most of them were found in the test animal's urine obtained within the first 24hrs. After the administration and scanty in the one within the second 24hrs. The concentration in the test animal's blood of NYS amounted to its highest level in 2hrs. after the administration per os and in 30min. after the subcutaneous method, then it decreased to the normal level of its concentration showed before the administrations. In the liver, kidney and other internal organs of the test animals which had completely discharged NYS no residue of deposited or remained NYS was discovered.
3. We could measure the changes of the NYS concentration in the test animal's blood by means of the photoelectric colorimetry. Protein-excluding agents, measurable range, accuracy, etc. necessary for carrying out the colorimetrical procedure were investigated and thereby, basic important conditions for the measurement were established.
4. In the sample urine obtained from the administered animals we could detect a red substance, presumably one of the metabolites, by the partition paper chromatography and isolate it by the column chromatography. But its properties are remained to be studied.

抄録全体を表示

プロセスチーズの貯蔵中の嫌気性細菌の発芽・増殖による製品の変質に対する乳酸菌から分離した特殊抗生物質ナイシンの効力を試験した.
i) 国産ゴーダ型チーズおよびチェダー型チーズを原料として使用し, Cl. perfingensまたはCl. sporogenesを添加してプロセスチーズを製造したのち, 37°において貯蔵試験を行なったが, 貯蔵中の製品の膨張による変質は認められなかった.
ii) 輸入エメンタールチーズおよびチェダーチーズを原料とし, 乳化剤はクエン酸ナトリウムを用い, 比較的低温でプロセスし, 製品のpHを6.2に調整し, 水分含量は標準としたプロセスチーズにおいては製品を同じ条件で貯蔵した場合にCl. perfingens添加区において貯蔵, 1週間目から2週間目にかけて著しい膨張がみられた。この際には酸度の低下およびpHの上昇を伴うことが特徴である.
これらを防止するにはナイシンを原料チーズ1gあたり50単位 (Reading unit) 加えれば充分であって添加量を100単位にふやしても効力はほとんど変らない. なお膨張の際にはCl. perfingensによるタンパク分解はほとんどみられなかった.
iii) 原料チーズ中に含まれる酪酸菌の発芽・増殖によるものと思われる膨張をナイシンの添加によって完全に防止することはできない.

抄録全体を表示

One year feeding experiments, using Wister strain rats, were carried out to compare chronic toxicity of a new nitrofuran, 2- (2-furyl) -3- (5-nitro-2-furyl) acryl amide, with that of nitrofurazone.
Two nitrofuran compounds were incorporated in the basal diet at the concentrations of 0.0, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02per cent respectively.
A total of 88 rats, weighing 80-110g. was used. Six males and six females were placed in each of the diet groups.
The results obtained are following.
When the general observation made on rats eating the drugs in the diet, it appears that no definite signs of toxicity were observed in each levels of nitrofuran: such as food consumption, drug intake, appearance of skin, hair, state of motility, and mortality.
From an analysis of growth curves, no differences were observed between the new nitrofuran and the control in body weight gain, while the body gains of the animals fed nitrofurazone were slightly less than those of controls.
In post-mortem examination, the authors did not find any pathological changes in thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, main internal organs, skin, bone and ingestive organs.
Haematological nature was also shown normal levels.
Accumulation of the drugs in liver and kidney was not observed.
The data of microscopic examination will be described in next report.

抄録全体を表示

Such food preservatives as salicylic acid (SA), benzoic acid (BA), esters of p-hydroxy benzoica cid (POBA-E), sorbic acid (SOA), dehydroacetic acid (DHA), methylnaphthoquinone (MNQ), nitrofurazone (NFS) and nitrofurylacrylamide (NFA) contained in food are separated with solvents to three groups. When it is difficult to extract the acidic compounds of the food preservatives with solvent, anion exchange resins are used for the uptake of the acidic compounds. The elution of the acidic compounds from the resins is carried out by means of a mixture of glacial acetic acid and acetone.
The food preservatives in fraction I; SA, BA, POBA-E, SOA and DHA are identified by the paper electrophoresis with buffer solution consisted of dimethylformamide-pyridine-acetic acid-water (pH 5.6) or n-butanol-aqueous ammonia-acetic acid-water (pH 5.0) and also by the paper chromatography with cyclohexanol-ammonium carbonate buffer. The spots are detected with ultraviolef light and colorreagents e. g. diazotized sulfanilic acid, diazotized nitroaniline, methyl red or ferric chloride.
The food preservative, MNQ in fraction II is paper-chromatographed with 95% mnethanol by the ascending procedure and detected with ultraviolet light and color reagents e. g. sodium hydroxide, 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, etc. By the addition of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to fraction II, the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of MNQ is formed and also paper chromatographed with concentrated aqueous ammonia ascendingly.
The food preservatives, NFS and NFA in fraction III are separated by the ascending paper chromatography with n-butanol saturated with water. The spots are detected with ultraviolet light and colorreagent e. g. sodium hydroxide.
MNc in fraction I and Rf values of the food preservatives in fraction I, II and III are tabulated.

抄録全体を表示

A solution containing saccharin, cyclohexane sulfamic acid and dulcin which have been obtained from a preparation or food is allowed to stand in a centrifugal tube for 10 minutes with Amberlite CG 400 Type I (Cl-form) with shaking sometimes and centrifuged. The elution of saccharin and cyclohexane sulfamic acid from the resins is carried out by means of a mixture of 10% oxalic acid and alcohol. The eluate is neutralized with aqueous ammonia and applied to the paper chromatography. Dulcin is obtained by extracting the supernatant with etbylacetate.
Saccharin, cyclohexane sulfamic acid and dulcin are detected by the ascending paper chromatography with iso-amyl alcohol-pyridine-water, or n-butanol-aqueous ammonia. In order to identify these artificial sweeteners when they are accompanied with some food preservatives, such as salicylic acid, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, etc., the former solvent is an excellent one as a developer.

抄録全体を表示

放射性ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを用いて, その放射能を測定することにより, 食器および野菜を洗浄したあとに付着しているドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム (DBS) の量を求めた. 1日10杯の茶わんと, 50枚のサラを使用するとしたとき, 2秒洗いで口に入るDBSの量は約1-3×10^-2mgとなる. また1日に100gの生野菜を食べるとして, 野菜を処方どおりの濃度の洗剤液に5分間つけ, 5秒ないし1分水すすぎをするとすれば, 1日1-2×10^-1mgのDBSが口に入ることになる. 後者は従来の報告の約1/1000にあたるが, これは実験条件の異なるためであって, 1,000gの野菜について処方の4倍の濃さの洗剤液に, 1時間つけたときの水洗い後の洗剤付着量は1日0.03gとなり, 従来の結果とほぼ一致している.

抄録全体を表示

We carried out the determination of residual ABS remained in vegetable and fruits treated with the chemical detergent.
1) Chemical method
There are few reports on the determination of ABS contained in vegetables and fruits, but in this case we adopted the following method; a sample sliced and miced as finely as possible is extracted with alcohol containing hydrochloric acid. After evaporating alcohol from the alcoholic extract, the residual fluid is adjusted to pH 10 and filtered. The filterate is washed with petroether. The petroether-washed liquid is treated according to Longwell and Maniece method.
As a result of our experiments we could find the following.
Vegetables: The residual detergent was 20-70ppm after soaking a sample in 0.05 per cent ABS solution (usual concentration for use) for 1-5 minutes, but when once washed with water after soaking, the residuals were decreased to 4-13ppm, when 3 times to 2-7ppm.
Hurt vegetables showed a larger amount of the residues as compared with normal ones.
Fruits: 0.5-2ppm of the residues were found to remain in a sample after washing with water.
In the case of strawberry as a sample, it was found the longer time of soaking the more residues of the detergent.
On the contrary apples showed no more than 0.5ppm of the residual detergent after soaking in the solution within 1-5 minutes.
2) Radiochemical method
As a result of our radiochemical experiments, when 10g of spinach was soaked in 150ml of 0.05 per cent ABS solution containing labeled sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate for 10 seconds, and washed again with 300ml of water, we found 2ppm of ABS remained in the sample. And when soaked for 30 minutes under the same conditions, 12ppm of ABS in the sample.

抄録全体を表示

At the beginning of this year a group of scientist in Japan reported that alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS), which has been widely used as principal ingredient of anionic detergent, might not be harmless to human health. In order to clarify this point following experimental studies were made on this chemical.
1) Acute toxicity in mice
2) Primary irritation test on the skin and mucous membrane of rabbits
3) Skin sensitizing test in quinea pigs
4) Chronic Toxicity in rats
5) Absorption, storage in organs and excretion in rats and rabbits, using ABS³⁵

抄録全体を表示