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Volume 33 (1992)
- Issue 6 Pages 533-
- Issue 5 Pages 429-
- Issue 4 Pages 347-
- Issue 3 Pages 209-
- Issue 2 Pages 125-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 33, Issue 3
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Yousuke SEYAMA1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 209-216
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2464K) -
Katsuhiko JINBO, Chie MONMA, Masao MATSUMOTO, Tsutomu MARUYAMA1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 217-222_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simplified method was developed for the detection of residual tetracyclines and sulfa drugs in honey by microbiological assay. A honey sample was homogenized in 0.01M di-Na EDTA McIlvaine buffer (pH 4.0) and centrifuged. The supernatant was mixed well with chloroform and centrifuged. The chloroform layer was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) to prepare fraction A. The aqueous layer was passed through a Sep-pak C18 cartridge column. The Sep-pak C18 cartridge column was washed with water and absorbed antibacterial agents were eluted with methanol. The eluate was evaporated to dryness, and the residue was dissolved in phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) to prepare fraction B.
Fractions A and B contained sulfa drugs and tetracyclines, respectively. The pulp disk method with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Bacillus cereus var. mycoides ATCC 11778 as test organisms was employed for the assay of sulfa drugs and tetracyclines. As little as 0.05μg/g (oxytetracycline), 0.01μg/g (chlortetracycline) or 0.1μg/g (sulfa drugs) was detectable.
Thin layer chromatographic identification was performed for positive test solutions. The test solution A was spotted on an aluminum oxide plate (Merck 5550) and a silica gel plate (Merck 5553), then developed in chloroform-methanol (7:3) and ethyl ether-chloroform-n-butanol (5:1:1), respectively. The test solution B was spotted on a cellulose plate (Merck 5552), which was developed in n-butanol saturated with water. Rf values were determined by bioautography with B. subtilis and B. cereus as the test organisms. Microbioautography was suitable for separation and identification of sulfa drugs and tetracyclines in honey. We used this method to identify sulfa drugs and tetracyclines detected in 22 samples out of 297 commercial honeys. It was found that 8 specimens contained oxytetracycline, 12 specimens chlortetracycline, 1 specimen sulfadimethoxine, and 1 specimen sulfisomidine.View full abstractDownload PDF (639K) -
Shintaro KIKUCHI, Takashi OSHIMA, Yuko OSHIMA, Takao TAKEUCHI, Tadashi ...1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 223-230_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToxic scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) were cultivated in tubs in which filtered and sterilized seawater was circulated, with or without supply of planktonic diatoms as feed.
The toxicity studies on paralytic shellfish toxins (PST; e. g., saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin, and gonyautoxin family) and diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DST; e. g., okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin family) using the microbial assay method reported previously revealed that both types decreased gradually during the cultivation; the toxicity scores of the former and the latter decreased to 20% of the initial value within a few days and to 30% within two weeks, respectively, when dense cultures of Chaetoceros septentrionelle were supplied as the feed. Because relatively high toxicity scores of both toxins were detected in the excrement of the cultivated scallops, it was assumed that toxins accumulated in tissues, especially in the hepatopancreas, would be discharged through the digestive organs of this specimens during cultivation.
When other diatoms such as Skeletonema costatum, Asterionella japonica, Rhabdonema spp. and Thalassiosira spp. were supplied as feed, not only the toxicity but also the amounts of glycogen, free amino acids and free fatty acids decreased, causing a deterioration in quality.
These results suggested that the toxicity of toxic scallops could be decreased by cultivation in the absence of toxin producers (e. g., several species of dinoflagellate genus arid bacteria) if an appropriate non-toxic plankton was supplied as feed.View full abstractDownload PDF (994K) -
Kazuomi ITANO, Kineko IMURA, Kiyoshi SASAKI1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 231-236_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analytical method for germanium compounds in health beverage samples was developed using two kinds of column chromatography. Germanium dioxide was separated from 2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132), a synthetic organic germanium compound, by Dowex 1-X2 (CH3COO-) resin. Ge-132 was separated from organic acids of low molecular weight by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-10, and then purified by high performance liquid chromatography with a Shim-pack 101H column. By spectrophotometry with phenylfluorone, germanium dioxide was determined directly and Ge-132 after acid digestion. Germanium dioxide was detected from three of four samples tested, and Ge-132 from the remaining one.View full abstractDownload PDF (573K) -
Reiko FUJII, Naoko MORIWAKI, Kouki TANAKA, Tokihiko OGAWA, Etsuo MORI, ...1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 237-240_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analytical method of tetramine (tetramethylammonium, TM) in the salivary gland of gastropods with tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester (TBPE) as an ion-pairing counter-ion was developed.
TM was extracted into 1, 2-dichloroethane with TBPE under strongly alkaline conditions. Other quaternary ammonium species and amines tested did not interfere with the determination of TM. The ion-associate showed an absorption maximum at 610nm. Recovery of TM-Cl from the salivary gland was 100.2±2.3% and the determination limit was 0.20mg/g.
Contents of TM-Cl in the salivary gland of gastropods were in the range of 2.39-6.08mg/gView full abstractDownload PDF (431K) -
Fumie TSUCHIHASHI, Sachie IKEGAMI, Keizo UMEGAKI, Tomio ICHIKAWA1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 241-246_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiments were conducted to examine the effect of indigestible polysaccharides on the accumulation of pentachlorobenzene (PECB) in rats.
Male Sprague Dawley rats (aged 5 weeks old and weighing 137g) were fed diets containing 5% each of cellulose, apple pectin, locust bean gum, sodium alginate and guar gum, and non-fiber diet for 3 weeks. They were administered PECB (200mg/kg body weight) with 4g of the corresponding diet and kept on the same diets for 2 weeks. PECB concentrations in blood were higher in rats fed the guar gum and sodium alginate diets until day 2, while they were lowered in both groups after day 3. Significant reductions of accumulated PECB in the liver, kidney and adipose tissue were observed in rats fed the guar gum and sodium alginate diets. Fecal excretions of PECB were high in rats fed the guar gum and apple pectin diets. The total excreted amounts in 5 days were only 0.15% to 0.52% of the dose in rats on all diets. The weight of adipose tissue decreased in rats fed the guar gum diet, and triglyceride in the liver tended to be lower in rats fed the guar gum and sodium alginate diets.
The results suggest that feeding of indigestible polysaccharides may reduce the accumulation of fat-soluble xenobiotics in organs and tissues and the mechanism may be related to the amount of adipose tissue or the metabolism of triglyceride.View full abstractDownload PDF (723K) -
Sadao UCHIYAMA, Yoko SATO, Mio SUZUKI, Yoko KAWAMURA, Mitsunori MURAYA ...1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 247-257_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious components in methanol extracts and essential oils from black pepper (BP), white pepper (WP) and red pepper (RP) γ-irradiated at a high dose up to 50kGy were monitored precisely by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography (GC) including GC-mass spectrometry, to provide a basis for the identification of irradiated peppers.
Major spicy substances, piperine in BP and capsaicin in RP, were not affected, while piperine in WP was increased slightly (by 14%) by γ-irradiation at more than 30kGy. Most other substances examined, including α-pinene, β-pinene, (+)-3-carene and β-caryophyllene in essential oil, showed little or no change, and no newly produced substance was found by monitoring component peaks. However, a minor fluorescent component was decreased by 60.9% by irradiation at 50kGy, though no decrease was found below 30kGy. It was concluded that composition change is not applicable for identification of irradiated peppers, and that most the chemical components examined in these peppers are stable to irradiation even at a high dose.View full abstractDownload PDF (1255K) -
Yukari TSUMURA-HASEGAWA, Yasuhide TONOGAI, Yumiko NAKAMURA, Yoshio ITO1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 258-266_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe residue levels of 8 pesticides in post-harvest-treated citrus during storage and processing into marmalade were investigated. Lemons, oranges and grapefruits were dipped in a solution of diphenyl (DP), o-phenyl phenol (OPP), 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), imazalil, thiabendazole (TBZ), benomyl and sec-butylamine (BA), or fumigated with methyl bromide, and stored at 14°C followed by determination of residue levels at intervals of several days. As the result of 91 days' observation, the half lives of pesticides ranged from 36 days to in excess of 6 months. DP and imazalil were extremely stable and bromide gradually increased in the citrus fruits. On the 8th week of storage, lemons were processed into marmalade and the levels of pesticides were determined after each step. In the final product marmalade, 95% of DP, 41% of OPP, 42% of imazalil and 22% of bromide were found (ratio to initial contents), while no 2, 4-D, TBZ, benomyl or BA was detected.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K) -
Toshio HIDAKA, Tadashi KIRIGAYA, Masaya KAMIJO, Hiroshi KIKAWA, Taro K ...1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 267-273_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the disappearance of residual chlorine and the formation and behavior of chloroform (CHCl3) in vegetables treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO).
Soybean sprouts and cabbages were treated with NaClO solutions of various concentrations, and residual chlorine and formation of CHCl3 in the samples were determined. It was found that both residual chlorine and CHCl3 increased with an increase in NaClO concentration. However, CHCl3 formation was less in the cabbages than in the soybean sprouts. The soybean sprouts and cabbages treated with NaClO solution were then kept in glass containers and changes which took place with the passage of time in the residual chlorine and CHCl3 were studied. When stored at lower temperatures, the loss of residual chlorine was less and CHCl3 increased, while chlorine remained. When the soybean sprouts were immersed in NaClO solutions and maintained at different temperatures, CHCl3 formation was less when the treatment temperature was lower. For treatment of vegetables with NaClO solution, low temperature treatment is therefore preferable.View full abstractDownload PDF (666K) -
Hisatoshi MIKURIYA, Takashi FUJII, Mieko SASAKI1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 274-282_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSo-Phenylphenol (OPP) and thiabendazole (TBZ), which are fungicides, have been approved as food additives in Japan. OPP induces urinary bladder tumor and renal lesions in rats but not in mice. TBZ has an enhancing effect on urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced by OPP in rats. The present study was performed to examine the combined effects of OPP and TBZ on mice. Groups of 20 male Crj: B6C3F1, mice were fed the basal diet (control, group C), diet containing 0.2% TBZ (group T), 0.65% OPP (group O-1), 1.3% OPP (group O-2), 2.6% OPP (group O-3), 0.65% OPP plus 0.2% TBZ (group OT-1), 1.3% OPP plus 0.2% TBZ (group OT-2) or 2.6% OPP plus 0.2% TBZ (group OT-3) for 52 weeks. The survival rates were 100% (20/20), 90% (18/20), 100% (20/20), 95% (19/20), 100% (20/20), 90% (18/20), 75% (15/20) and 70% (14/20) in group C, T, O-1, O-2, O-3, OT-1, OT-2 and OT-3, respectively. The treated groups suffered growth retardation throughout the study. The kidney weights showed a dose-related decrease in the O and OT groups. No treatment-related increase in tumor formation of any organ or tissue was observed. Dose-related increases were observed in the incidences of degenerative and necrotic changes in tubular epithelium and transitional cells of the kidney, and of anisonucleosis and pigmentation in liver cells in the O and OT groups. Under the experimental conditions employed, OPP plus TBZ induced no urinary bladder tumor in mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (1028K) -
Mitsuo OISHI, Kazuo ONISHI, Motohiro NISHIJIMA, Kazuya NAKAGOMI, Hiroy ...1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 283-287_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRapid coulometry was developed for the rapid and sensitive measurement of peroxide value (POV) of edible oils and fats, and foods by using a carbon felt electrode with ferrocyanide ion as a mediator. The reaction mechanism is as follows: 1) iodine is formed by the reaction of iodide ion and peroxide in the sample, 2) the reaction of iodine and ferrocyanide ion produces ferricyanide ion, and 3) ferricyanide ion is electrochemically reduced within 25 sec at the working electrode, which is maintained at -0.4V vs. the counter electrode.
It was possible to conduct 25 repeated injections of 5μl of sample solution. A linear relationship between charge and concentration of iodine was observed over the range of 5×10-5×10-2M which corresponded to a POV range of 1.3-446. The analytical results obtained by rapid coulometry were in good agreement with those by iodometry.View full abstractDownload PDF (558K) -
Yumiko NAKAMURA, Yukari TSUMURA-HASEGAWA, Yasuhide TONOGAI, Yoshio ITO1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 288-293_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple determination of methoxychlor in agricultural products was developed. Fifty grams of vegetables or fruits (minced) or 20g of powdered polished rice or soybeans (swollen with 40ml of water for 2 hours) was homogenized with acetone and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to ca. 50ml under reduced pressure, then 100ml of saturated NaCl solution was added. Methoxychlor was extracted with 100ml of n-hexane. Lipids were removed by n-hexane/acetonitrile partition chromatography from polished rice or soybeans. Then, n-hexane extracts were concentrated and purified on a Florisil column. Methoxychlor was analyzed by ECD-GC using a CBPI capillary column. The detection limit was 0.001μg/g for each sample. Recovery of methoxychlor in 10 kinds of agricultural products (0.2 or 0.5μ/g was added) was 65.2-90.6% for vegetables, fruits, polished rice and soybeans. Methoxychlor was not detected in those products.View full abstractDownload PDF (525K) -
Hygiene-Chemical Research on Polyacrylonitrile (PAN). IIHiroshi IIDA, Sei NAKAJIMA, Hideo KUSHIDA, Kazuhiko NAGIRA, Hisao UCHI ...1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 294-300_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to examine how much acrylonitrile (AN) is eluted from containers having different residual AN (RAN) concentrations in the material thereof into alcohol and carbonated beverages, and in order to examine the influence of different container volumes on the elution, AN eluted from two kinds of PAN containers (1, 000ml and 500ml) was investigated at 40°C for 5 to 90 days, using food-simulating solvents: water, 4% acetic acid and 8% ethanol. The results of the analysis showed that the amount of AN eluted from the PAN container of 500ml was more than that from the larger container. The amount of AN eluted from the PAN containers was decreased in the order of 8% ethanol, 4% acetic acid, and water. The amount of AN eluted from the PAN container of 1, 000ml having a RAN concentration of 0.5μg/g in the material was below the lower limit of detection under the severe storage conditions of 40°C and 90 days. The amount of AN eluted from the PAN container of 500ml having a RAN concentration of 0.2μg/g in the material was also below the lower limit of detection under the same storage conditions. It is possible to predict whether the amount of AN eluted from a PAN container that has a known volume and inner surface area will be below the lower limit of detection or not, when the residual AN in the material is analyzed. The lower limit of detection of eluted AN was 5ng/ml.View full abstractDownload PDF (612K) -
Atsushi YAMAMOTO, Akinobu MATSUNAGA, Eiichi MIZUKAMI1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 301-304_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPalatinose has attracted interest recently as a saccharide not inducing dental carries. Polarized photometric detection (PPD) is feasible by incorporating two polarizers into a conventional photometric detector, thus enabling the determination of optically active compounds such as palatinose in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A PPD system with a borate-form ligand-exchange column was highly specific for disaccharides. This specificity made the sample pretreatment easy. The extract from food was ultrafiltered through a Tosoh ULTRACENT-10 cartridge prior to HPLC injection. The lowest detection limit of palatinose was 0.03μmol.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
Tomoyasu WATANABE1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 305-309_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
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Kazuhisa YATSUNAMI, Takashi ECHIGO1992 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 310-313_1
Published: June 05, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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