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Volume 39 (1998)
- Issue 6 Pages 345-
- Issue 5 Pages 297-
- Issue 4 Pages 241-
- Issue 3 Pages 165-
- Issue 2 Pages 61-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 39, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Yoshiari SHIBATA, Mayumi OYAMA, Hitomi SATO, Kazuko NAKAO, Mayumi TSUD ...1998 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 241-250_1
Published: August 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simultaneous cleanup method for the determination of pesticide residues in agricultural products by GC and HPLC was developed.
The elution patterns of 120 pesticides from a hard gel-type GPC column and an ENVI™-Carb/LC-NH2 mini-column were examined. Most of the pesticides were eluted in the 55-160mL fraction from GPC with 30% acetone-cyclohexane (v/v) and in the 0-20mL fraction from the mini-column with 25% toluene-acetonitrile (v/v). The results showed that these two cleanup methods were applicable for most of the pesticides.
A sample was extracted with acetone and filtered. The extract was partitioned with saturated ammonium sulfate-ethyl acetate. The extract was dehydrated, evaporated in vacuo, dissolved in the GPC mobile phase and cleaned up by GPC. The eluate fraction of pesticides was evaporated in vacuo and dissolved in acetone. An aliquot of the acetone solution was cleaned up on a mini-column. The eluate was evaporated in vacuo and dissolved in acetone or acetonitrile. The sample was determined with GC or HPLC. The additional mini-column cleanup was especially effective for HPLC analysis.
Approximately 110 out of 120 pesticides spiked into 6 kinds of agricultural products gave good recoveries with combined cleanup using GPC and the mini-column, which is considered to be satisfactory for pesticide residue monitoring by GC and HPLC.View full abstractDownload PDF (1065K) -
Hisae FUKUI, Hiromi KATAOKA, Masanori SEMMA, Yoshio ITO, Yutaka TAKAGA ...1998 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 251-255_1
Published: August 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFood allergy, which generally belongs to the category of Type I hypersensitivity reaction, is a serious health problem. Previously, we reported two types of mouse anaphylactic models, one using the abdominal wall as a site for both induction and estimation (AW method), and the other estimating the hypotension in mice sensitized passively with mouse monoclonal anti-DNP IgE.
In this paper, we propose a passive abdominal wall anaphylaxis (PAA) method for use in screening for anti-allergic substances. Normal mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with mouse monoclonal anti-DNP IgE (5μg/mouse) and 24 hours later, challenged with dinitrophenyl human serum albumin (10μg/50μL/site) on the abdominal wall. The PAA was estimated in terms of the increase of vascular permeability at the challenged abdominal wall site.
The PAA was inhibited by the oral preadministration of diphenhydramine in a dosedependent manner (PAA inhibition, PAAI). The anti-allergic activities of such well-known anti-allergic foods as oolong tea, garlic, and leek were confirmed by the PAAI test. Therefore, the PAA method appears to be applicable for the screening of anti-allergic substances in foods, simply, rapidly, and with high sensitivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (696K) -
Yukihiro GODA, Shinobu SAKAI, Takatoshi NAKAMURA, Hiroshi AKIYAMA, Mas ...1998 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 256-265_1
Published: August 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo digitoxigenin glycosides (coroloside and glucoevatromonoside) as well as strophanthidin glycosides (erysimoside, olitoriside, corchoroside A and helveticoside) were identified as main cardiac glycosides in the methanol extract of “Moroheiya” (Corchorus olitorius) seeds. HPLC analyses revealed that C. olitorius seeds collected in Japan contained cardiac glycosides at the level of 0.1-1.0% (wet weight). Also, it was suggested that dark greyish green seeds contained more cardiac glycosides than dark greyish yellow-dark greyish yellow-green seeds. Gluco-(1→6)-olitoriside and olitoriusin which had been reported as the main cardiac glycosides by Mahato et al., were not detected by HPLC and 1H-NMR analyses.
The acute oral toxicity of isolated cardiac glycosideswas tested in male ddY mice (6 weeks of age). The LD50 values of a mixture of erysimoside-olitoriside (6:4), and a mixture of coroloside-glucoevatromonoside (1:1) were>500mg/kg. Further toxicity testing could not be carried out because the amounts of the cardiac glycosides isolated were insufficient.View full abstractDownload PDF (1211K) -
Yuiko TAKEDA, Yoko KAWAMURA, Takashi YAMADA1998 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 266-271_1
Published: August 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dissolution of aluminium from aluminium foil into 21 acidic foods and 6 alkaline foods was investigated. In the case of acidic foods, the dissolution level after 30min at 95°C was 10.02-13.83μg/cm2 in Pon-su, Lemon-su and Umeboshi, 3.11-6.85μg/cm2 in Ringo-su, Kabosu-su and wine vinegar, 0.66-0.92μg/cm2 in juice and yogurt, and 0.20-3.59μg/cm2 in vinegar brewed from cereals.
The dissolution level in all acidic foods was less than that in 4% acetic acid, while that of Kokumotsu-su was 1/200 of that in 4% acetic acid after 30min at 95°C.
In the case of alkaline foods, the dissolution level after 30min at 95°C was 13.72-16.24μg/cm2 in Konnyaku, 88.03-107.4μg/cm2 in Shirataki, and 10.55-10.97μg/cm2 in Chinese noodles.
The dissolution was enhanced by the addition of sodium chloride, but it was depressed by the presence of proteins, amino acids, sugar or cholesterol, The dissolution in 4% acetic acid in 30min at 95°C decreased to below 10% in the presence of protein or amino acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
Hiroshi AKAEDA, Tomohiro TAKATANI, Akihiro ANAMI, Tamao NOGUCHI1998 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 272-274_1
Published: August 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn March 1997, a large food poisoning incident due to ingestion of wild oysters, “magaki”, Crassostrea gigas, occurred at Tamano-ura, Goto Islands, Nagasaki, Japan. Twenty-six people were poisoned, of whom sixteen were hospitalized but recovered. Their main symptoms were paralysis of lips, hands, legs and whole body, vomiting and nausea. Patients had consumed about five oysters, equivalent to 25g of edible shucked parts, cooked with miso-soup or fried or raw and flavored with vinegar. This is the first incident of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) reported in Nagasaki. By mouse bioassay and HPLC, the toxicity score of the “magaki” oysters was shown to be 7-135MU/g and its PSP consisted mainly of the low-toxicity components C1 (PX1) and C2 (PX2). Plankton from the sea water showed almost the same PSP composition pattern as the “magaki” oysters and is believed to be the causative agent. The causative plankton is (are) not among previously known toxic species such as Alexandrium catenella, A. tamarense and Gymnodinium catenatum, and remains unidentified.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
Tomohiro TAKATANI, Takatoshi MORITA, Akihiro ANAMI, Hiroshi AKAEDA, Yo ...1998 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 275-280_1
Published: August 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn spring of 1996, three species of bivalves, scallop Chlamys nobilis, mussel Mytilus edulis, and short-necked clam Tapes japonica, were toxified in Kamae, Oita Prefecture, Japan. In this bay, the cultured scallop C. nobilis has been infested with the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella almost every year, but the plankton was not seen this year. Instead, at the beginning of April 1996, a toxic dinoflagellate, which was later identified as Gymnodinium catenatum, appeared (maximal density: 44, 350 cells/L). The toxicity score of C. nobilis specimens reached the maximum (81MU/g, digestive gland) in early May, while M. edulis and T. japonica showed the maximum scores of 253MU/g and 28MU/g at the end of April, respectively. The toxins from the three species of bivalves closely resembled each other, consisting of C1 (Protogonyautoxin 1, PX1), C2 (PX2) and Gonyautoxin 6 (GTX6) as the major components. The toxin profile of G. catenatum was similar to that of the bivalves. This result indicates that G. catenatum may be a causative dinoflagellate for the PSP infestation of bivalves in Kamae.View full abstractDownload PDF (604K) -
Yasuo TANAKA, Tadayoshi SASAO, Tadashi KIRIGAYA, Shiro HOSOI, Atsuo MI ...1998 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 281-285_1
Published: August 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn extract from beef with a “medicinal” smell in sensory analysis was analyzed by using GC/MS, and skatole was identified as the cause of the off-flavor. A GC/MS method with selected ion monitoring (SIM) was established for quantitative and sensitive analysis of skatole in beef with a detection limit of 0.1μg/g. The recoveries of skatole from beef fortified at the levels of 0.5μg/g and 5.0μg/g were more than 95%.
Skatole was detected in smelly beef in the range of 1.6-5.6μg/g. One sample among 30 commercial beef samples analyzed showed a level of 0.1μg/g.
The threshold level of skatole for the off-flavor was evaluated as 0.2-0.3μg/g by sensory analysis.
Based on the concentration of skatole in off-flavor beef, the origin of the off-flavor was concluded to be skatole.View full abstractDownload PDF (561K) -
Eiji UENO, Tsutomu OHNO, Harumi OSHIMA, Isao SAITO, Yuko ITO, Hisao OK ...1998 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 286-291_1
Published: August 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have investigated the applicability of TLC/scanning densitometry (TLC/SCAN) to the analysis of small amounts of coal tar dyes in foods. The use of a combination of reversed-phase C18 TLC and sample concentration techniques on the TLC plate enabled us to measure the visible absorption spectra of small amounts of coal tar dyes in foods with good accuracy. The sample concentration techniques improved the detection limits 10-20-fold. The TLC/SCAN was successfully applied to the identification of coal tar dyes in 48 food samples which were suspected to be in violation of the Japanese Food Sanitation Law. The present method is convenient for the rapid identification of small amounts of coal tar dyes in foods.View full abstractDownload PDF (705K) -
Tomohiro TAKATANI, Hiroshi AKAEDA, Teruo KAKU, Masahide MIYAMOTO, Hiro ...1998 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 292-295_1
Published: August 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt the end of January 1998, wild oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in Miyanokawachi Bay, Amakusa Islands, Kumamoto Prefecture were toxified with PSP probably due to Gymnodinium catenatum, whose cell density was 308 cells/mL. The toxicity score of the oysters ranged from 3.0 to 263MU/g of the edible portion. Toxin compositions of the oysters and the dinoflagellate by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis for PSP resembled each other, consisting of C1 (PX1) and C2 (PX2) as the major toxins and, GTX5, GTX6, dcGTX2, dcGTX3 and dcSTX as the minor toxins.
From these results, it was concluded that toxic oysters in Miyanokawachi Bay, Amakusa, Kumamoto had been toxified by G. catenatum through the food chain.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K)
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