Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)
Online ISSN : 1882-1006
Print ISSN : 0015-6426
ISSN-L : 0015-6426
Volume 41, Issue 5
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
Original
  • Jianen HU, Yasurou KURUSU, Yuji MIYAGUCHI, Masakazu TSUTSUMI
    2000 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 297-302
    Published: October 25, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The combined action of glycine and ethanol on the cell membrane of Escherichia coli was studied from the standpoint of membrane damage.
    Though the leakage of materials showing absorption at 260 nm from the cells was suppressed by glycine and ethanol, that of proteins or potassium was increased by ethanol only or the combined reagents. The SDS-PAGE profile of the proteins released from the cells treated with the reagents was similar to that the peripheral proteins prepared from cells treated with Triton X-100. However, peripheral proteins were not denatured by the combined action of the reagents.
    On the other hand, the action of the reagents on succinate dehydrogenase activity of the cells was investigated. The enzyme activity in vivo was activated by the combined use of the reagents but that of the cell envelopes prepared from the cells was inhibited.
    The respiratory activities of the cells injured by the reagents were restored by incubation in recovery broth, but were not restored in the presence of chloramphenicol.
    From these results, we conclude that the combined action of glycine and ethanol injures the membrane of E. coli.
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Notes
  • Takashi KOJIMA, Michiko KISHI, Setsuko SEKITA, Motoyoshi SATAKE
    2000 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 303-306
    Published: October 25, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The aim of this study was to clarify whether sennosides were contained in dietary supplements containing senna stem and in the raw materials of senna stem for dietary supplements. The identification and determination of sennosides were performed with thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, plant contents of herbal teas were classified into leaf, stem and others, and these were identified by comparison with characteristic components of senna using a stereoscopic microscope. The amount of sennosides ranged from about 0.2 mg to 11 mg in a dose of dietary supplements. In three of these 11 samples, senna leaves and midribs were contained. However, in eight of the samples, the plant fragments were not recognized. In five raw materials of senna stem, the amounts of sennosides were from 9.5 mg/g to 14.6 mg/g. These raw materials of senna stem consisted not only of senna stem, but also senna leaves and midribs.
    We believe that sennosides of dietary supplements are derived from senna leaves and midribs, which contaminate the raw materials of senna stem.
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  • Yoshimi TSUDA, Hiromi KATAOKA, Masanori SEMMA, Yoshio ITO
    2000 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 307-311
    Published: October 25, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the allergenic potential of fifteen kinds of spices in mice using the AW method as an experimental system. Rosemary, caraway, sweet basil, garlic, estragon and mace were found to induce significant anaphylactic reactions in this system.
    Previously, we reported that rosemary exhibited significant inhibition of allergic reaction in mice. Therefore, the rosemary extract was fractionated with an ultrafiltration membrane (10 kDa cut-off) in order to investigate the major component of rosemary affecting allergic reaction. While the high-molecular-weight fraction induced anaphylactic reaction, the low-molecular-weight fraction showed significant inhibition of allergic reaction.
    After separation of the rosemary extract by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western-blot analysis indicated that two proteins were able to bind to IgE of the serum of mouse sensitized with rosemary extract. Furthermore, mice sensitized with even the SDS-PAGE gel containing the protein band (26∼27 kDa) were shown to exhibit a significant anaphylactic reaction by the AW method.
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  • Kimio MONMA, Kuniko SASAKI, Fusao USHIO, Yuki SAITOH, Hisatsugu ICHIKA ...
    2000 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 312-315
    Published: October 25, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The existence of glyphosate tolerance gene was surveyed in 26 soybean samples and 66 tofu products, which were mostly obtained from Tokyo markets from October 1998 to August 1999, using a recently developed PCR method to detect this gene in soybeans. The gene was detected in 2 of 7 American soybean samples and it was not detected in any domestic, Canadian or Chinese soybeans in a total of 19 samples. The two positive American samples were further tested to evaluate the content of genetically modified soybeans by examining 20 individual soybeans. The glyphosate tolerance gene was detected in 9 of 20 IOM soybean grains (45%) and 20 of 20 Roundup Ready soybean grains (100%). Among tofu products, the glyphosate tolerance gene was detected in 2 of 19 kinugoshi tofu samples (10.5%), 6 of 23 momen tofu samples (26.1%), 6 of 12 packed tofu samples (50%) and 2 of 12 other tofu (16.7%).
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  • Masatake TOYODA, Tomoaki TSUTSUMI, Toshihiko YANAGI, Yoichi KONO, Hiro ...
    2000 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 316-320
    Published: October 25, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two different extraction methods involving shaking extraction and reflux extraction were examined for the determination of PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs in vegetables. The two sets of vegetables were extracted by shaking with acetone/hexane and reflux with toluene, followed by a cleanup step. Then, determination of PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs was carried out by HRGC/HRMS. From three individual experiments, total concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs in a spinach sample were 0.48±0.04, 0.80±0.06 and 7.7±0.1 pg/g by shaking extraction, and 0.43±0.08, 0.72±0.05 and 7.3±0.7 pg/g by reflux extraction. In a chingentsuai sample, total concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs were 0.67±0.19, 0.50±0.08 and 2.6±0.6 pg/g by shaking extraction, and 0.81±0.17, 0.64±0.13 and 2.6±0.6 pg/g by reflux extraction. No significant difference in total concentrations was observed between the two extraction methods. Moreover, total TEQ concentrations in the two vegetables showed almost the same values. Our results indicate that these extraction methods are equally efficient for extracting PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs from vegetables.
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  • Yukio SAITO, Atsushi YAMAMOTO, Shuji KODAMA, Mikiya OHTO, Takashi OHUR ...
    2000 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 321-325
    Published: October 25, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A rapid analytical method for 6 pesticides (vinclozolin, procymidone, iprodione, captan, captafol, bromopropylate) and a metabolite of iprodione in wines is described. The analytical procedure requires only sample extraction with a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) disk cartridge, followed by a clean-up step through a Florisil cartridge. The same elution solvent was used for both SPE procedures in order to eliminate the step of solvent concentration. The determination of pesticide residues was performed by GC-ECD using a large-volume injection system with a programmable temperature vaporizer (PTV). Limits of quantitation were 0.25 ng/g for vinclozolin, captan and bromopropylate, 0.5 ng/g for procymidone and captafol, and 1.0 ng/g for iprodione and its metabolite. The recoveries at levels of two and twenty times the limits of quantitation were 76.7∼124.3%. This method was applied to determine these pesticides in 15 wines. Dicarboxyimide fungicides such as vinclozolin, procymidone and iprodione were detected in 9 samples.
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  • Takao CHONAN, Kazuhiko NISHIMURA, Yuzi HIRAMA
    2000 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 326-329
    Published: October 25, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A simple and rapid method has been developed for simultaneous determination of five veterinary drugs and a derivative (5-propylsulfonyl-1H-benzimidazole-2-amine, thiabendazole, 5-hydroxythiabendazole, panazon, pyrimethamine and trimetoprim) in meat, liver, kidney and milk.
    The drugs were extracted from a sample by homogenizing with acetonitrile and then the mixture was filtered. The extracted solution of meat was poured onto an alumina column. The extracted solution of liver, kidney or milk was partitioned between saturated ammonium sulfate solution (pH 7.0) and ethyl acetate-n-hexane (4 : 1). The organic solvent layer was poured onto an alumina column. The solution containing the drugs was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure.
    The HPLC analysis was carried out on a CAPCELL PAK C18 UG120 column (4.6 mm i.d. × 150 mm) with a gradient system of 0.1% phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)-acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The drugs were measured with ultraviolet and fluorescence detectors. The recoveries of the drugs at the level of 0.1 μg/g were 62.3∼100.0%. The detection limits were in the range of 0.005∼0.05 μg/g.
    This method should be useful to determine the above veterinary drugs in livestock products.
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  • Yoko KAWAMURA, Tamae MAEHARA, Chiseko WAKUI, Takashi YAMADA
    2000 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 330-334
    Published: October 25, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The migration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) contained in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves was investigated. PVC gloves released 0.005-0.416 μg/cm2 of DEHP, DINP, DEHA and NP into water, 20% ethanol or 4% acetic acid. In n-heptane at 25°C for 60 min, PVC gloves released 1,410-2,500 μg/cm2 of DEHP, 720 μg/cm2 of DINP, 137-841 μg/cm2 of DEHA and 2.72-36.4 μg/cm2 of NP. Migration levels into rapeseed oil (60°C, 30 min) were 1/2-1/4 from disposable gloves and 1/4-1/10 from thicker gloves compared with that into n-heptane (25°C, 60 min). The migration amount into rapeseed oil increased as the test time and temperature increased, though the levels were high even at low temperature or for only a short time. If PVC gloves come in contact with fatty food, large amounts of DEHP, DINP, DEHA and NP might migrate into the food.
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Reports
  • Yukio TANAKA, Shuzo TAGUCHI, Seisaku YOSHIDA, Shinjiro HORI, Yutaka TA ...
    2000 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 335-339
    Published: October 25, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    With the increase of imported foods, the question of the safety of post-harvest pesticides and residual pesticides has becomes an important topic in food hygiene. On the other hand, allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis have been increasing steadily, and this might be related to synthetic chemicals in food and the environment. The effect of pesticides on immediate allergic reaction was evaluated using cultured cells (RBL-2H3) instead of conventional methods based on histamine release from mast cells.
    Ten kinds of pyrethroid pesticides and 25 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides were investigated for their effects on the enzyme activity of β-hexosaminidase as an index of chemical mediator release from RBL-2H3 cells. We found that pyrethroid pesticides such as permethrin, pyrethrin, and organophosphorus pesticides such as EPN, prothiofos, terbufos promoted β-hexosaminidase release. The release induced by these pesticides was found to be 1.7∼2.5 times greater than in the control cells. The promotive action was caused by a concentration of pesticide (200 μmol/L) which had essentially no effect on cell viability. Thus, it was suggested that this release-promotive action was caused by the promotion of chemical mediator release via IgE antibody.
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  • Jin SUZUKI, Yasutaka KATSUKI, Hitoshi OGAWA, Keiko SUZUKI, Hiroko MATS ...
    2000 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 340-345
    Published: October 25, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Inorganic anions (fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate and sulfate) in 170 samples of bottled drinking water from Japanese markets were determined by ion chromatography. Differences in concentrations of anions were found, depending on the source of the water. The average concentrations of fluoride, chloride and bromide in imported samples were greater than those of Japanese samples. Two samples contained more fluoride than the maximum level of 2 mg/L recommended in the standards of manufacture for bottled drinking water (2.4 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L).
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