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Volume 43 (2002)
- Issue 6 Pages 323-
- Issue 5 Pages 267-
- Issue 4 Pages 191-
- Issue 3 Pages 115-
- Issue 2 Pages 57-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 43, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Originals
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Survey of the Daily Intake of Nitrate and Nitrite in School Children by the Duplicate Portion MethodMihoko MURATA, Noriko KISHIDA, Masataka ISHINAGA2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 57-61
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe daily intake of nitrate and nitrite in school children (n=100) in Hiroshima Prefecture was estimated directly by the duplicate portion method. The daily intake of nitrate was 68.42±77.49 mg. The daily intake of nitrate/kg body weight was 2.06±2.24 mg, which is about 56% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The daily intake of nitrite was 0.953±0.869 mg. The daily intake of nitrite/kg body weight was 0.027±0.021 mg, which is about 45% of the ADI. The daily intake of nitrite/kg body weight was significantly different between the obese group and the non-obese group in boys (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). The rates of children whose daily intakes of nitrate and nitrite were above the ADI were 16% and 7%, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
Kazuaki UNO2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 62-67
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTissue distribution and residue depletion of oxytetracycline (OTC) and oxolinic acid (OA) were studied in the kuruma prawn (Penaeus japonicus). The prawn were kept in tanks with recirculated artificial seawater at a salinity of 22∼23‰. The water temperature was maintained at 25°C. The average body weight was 22.9±4.9 g for OTC and 22.5±3.6 g for OA. The drug was mixed with the diet and orally administered through a catheter to the prawn. The doses of OTC and OA, respectively, were 50 mg/kg body weight. At each sample time, four prawns were sacrificed and tissues were sampled. OTC and OA levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. At the highest levels, the concentrations of OTC were in the order: shell (13.57 μg/g) > hemolymph (12.20 μg/mL) > muscle (8.30 μg/g). For OA, the order was: shell (20.74 μg/g) > hemolymph (7.06 μg/mL) > muscle (2.05 μg/g). The elimination half-lives of hemolymph and muscle were 44.7 and 46.8 hours for OTC and 55.0 and 107.9 hours for OA, respectively. Residual OTC could not be detected in hemolymph and muscle at 20 days after dosing. Residual OA disappeared from hemolymph and muscle at 25 days after dosing. A 25-day period for OTC and 30-day period for OA could be regarded as the proper withdrawal time established for kuruma prawn by the Pharmaceutical Law in Japan. However, the elimination half-lives of shell for OTC and OA could not be calculated because both drug residues persisted in shell tissues, and the elimination phase was not completed during the experimental period. Residual OTC (14.10±2.26 μg/g, n=6) and OA (0.32±0.06 μg/g, n=7) were detected in exuviae at 3 days and 4 days after dosing, respectively. Residual OTC was reduced to 50∼70% in muscle by the usual methods of cooking (boiling, baking at 200°C and frying at 180°C), whereas reduction levels in shell were only 20∼30%. Residual OA was reduced to 20∼30% in muscle and shell by the cooking. These results confirm that the cooking procedures could only reduce but not completely eliminate these drug residues in prawn.View full abstractDownload PDF (845K) -
Haruyo OKUNUKI, Reiko TESHIMA, Teruko SHIGETA, Jun-ichiro SAKUSHIMA, H ...2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 68-73
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe performed experiments on in vitro digestion of newly expressed proteins by SGF (simulated gastric fluid) and SIF (simulated intestinal fluid) to assess the allergenicity of food components derived from biotechnological modification. For newly expressed proteins, we chose CP4-EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4) and Cry1Ab derived from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1. The former is expressed in GM-soybeans and the latter is expressed in GM-corns. Firstly, we examined the digestibility of purified CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab by SGF. Both proteins were rapidly digested within 60 sec. After preheating, the digestibility by SGF was slightly increased. Secondly, CP4-EPSPS in GM-soybean extracts and Cry1Ab in GM-corn extracts were digested by SGF. The digestion time of both proteins by SGF was almost the same as that of the purified proteins. Thirdly, the digestibility of CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab by SIF was examined. The digestion time of these proteins was 240 min or more. However, digestibility of these proteins by SIF was dramatically increased by preheating, and the digestion time was less than 5 sec. Fourthly, CP4-EPSPS in GM-soybean extracts and Cry1Ab in GM-corn extracts were digested by SIF. Digestion time of both proteins by SIF was almost the same as that of the purified proteins. From these results, we concluded that the digestibility of both CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab by SGF and SIF was increased by preheating. Therefore, we suggest that the allergenicity of both proteins should be extremely low because of the easy digestibility of these proteins by SGF and also by SIF with preheating.View full abstractDownload PDF (230K) -
Yukihiro GODA, Yoshiteru KAKIHARA, Hiroshi AKIYAMA, Takeshi MATSUOKA, ...2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 74-79
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPCR detection of genetically modified (GM) line-specific recombinant DNA was carried out on Bt 11, Event 176 and Non-GM maize grain harvested in 1999. Of 100 grains of Bt 11 line, Event 176 specific DNA was detected in 11 grains. Of 30 grains of Event 176 line, Mon 810 or Bt 11 specific DNA was detected in 5 grains. In addition, Bt 11 or Event 176 specific DNA was detected in 4 of 30 Non-GM grains. These data suggest that maize grains (not seed) often contain DNAs of different lines from what they were expected to contain.
Furthermore, quantitative PCR was performed to estimate the genotype of the Event 176 grains described above. The results showed that the genotype of all the grains containing different recombinant DNA is heterozygous. Therefore, it was considered that the grains containing the unintended recombinant DNA were not accidental contaminants, but that airborne pollination had introduced the recombinant DNA into the grains.View full abstractDownload PDF (671K)
Notes
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Eiji UENO, Harumi OSHIMA, Isao SAITO, Hiroshi MATSUMOTO2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 80-89
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated simultaneous analytical methods for pesticide residues in large numbers of agricultural products samples. Extraction of each sample with acetonitrile was followed by a salting-out step using a graduated cylinder. The test solution was cleaned up with gel permeation chromatography (GPC), which separated the pesticide eluate into 2 fractions, and then with a tandem mini-column. Analysis was done with a dual-column GC equipped with a dual NPD and FPD (S mode) detector. Use of the SiltekTM-deactivated liner, guard column, and Y connector, and Silcosteel®-treated NPD jet was effective for preventing the breakdown of sulfur-containing pesticides.
Recoveries of 87 nitrogen-containing and sulfur-containing pesticides from fortified spinach, tomato, apple, strawberry and brown rice, ranged from 71 to 127% with RSD values of 1∼24%, except for recoveries of aldicarb, amitraz, ethiofencarb, imazalil, propamocarb and triflumizole. Detection limits of pesticides were very good (0.3∼5 ppb (NPD) and 2∼20 ppb (FPD)) for routine analysis of pesticide residues in foods.
Surveillance of pesticides in agricultural products was carried out by using the present method. From 22 out of 33 samples, 21 pesticides (43 in total) were detected. The results indicated that the present method can be applied as an efficient and reliable means for monitoring pesticide residues in agricultural products.View full abstractDownload PDF (846K) -
Junko HASEGAWA, Yukiko HARA-KUDO, Tokuhiro NISHINA, Hirotaka KONUMA, S ...2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 90-94
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serovar O3 : K6 strains and other serovars in the presence of acetic, citric and hydrochloric acids were studied. There were no differences in resistance to these acids between serovar O3 : K6 and the other serovars. At pH 5.6, citric acid was more effective in reducing the number of viable cells of V. parahaemolyticus than acetic acid. However, at pH 4.5, acetic acid was more effective than citric acid. The number of viable cells decreased quickly in the presence of rice vinegar or wine vinegar at pH 4.0View full abstractDownload PDF (608K) -
Tomomi GOTO, Eiichi MIKAMI, Tsutomu OHNO, Hiroshi MATSUMOTO2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 95-98
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous analysis of triamterene, trichlormethiazide, furosemide and spironolactone is presented for application in the examination of health food supplements advertising weight reduction and in the analysis of pharmaceuticals. The HPLC assay was performed under gradient conditions using a Wakosil ODS 5C18 column (5 μm, 150×4.6 mm i.d.). The mobile phase consisted of a gradient program with a mixture of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1% triethylamine adjusted with phosphoric acid to pH 3.0: from 0 to 6 min, 15% acetonitrile; from 6 to 20 min, linear gradient from 15 to 50% acetonitrile; and from 20 to 40 min, 50% acetonitrile. The column effluent was monitored from 0 to 20 min at 260 nm and from 20 to 40 min at 235 nm. The calibration curves of the four drugs showed good linearity and the correlation coefficients were better than 0.999 in all cases. The lower limits of detection were approximately 40 ng for each drug. Commercially available health food supplements and pharmaceuticals were analyzed after extraction with a mixture of methanol and acetic acid (99 : 1). The procedure described here is suitable for the screening of four diuretic drugs in adulterated supplements and for the quality control of pharmaceuticals with minimal sample preparation.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K) -
Yumi AKIYAMA, Naoki YOSHIOKA, Masahiko TSUJI2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 99-103
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA liquid chromatographic (LC) method with diode array detection (DAD) was developed for screening of 10 sulfonyl urea herbicide residues in unpolished rice. The investigated herbicides were azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, imazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and tribenuron-methyl. Acetonitrile-water (2 : 1) extracts of rice samples were cleaned up with solid-phase extraction cartridges (octadecylsilane-bonded silica (ODS) and graphitized carbon black (GCB)). Three fractions of the GCB eluate were taken for analysis using 3 separate injections in order to avoid interference in LC-DAD analysis and to reduce analyte coelution problems. Recoveries from rice samples fortified with the 10 herbicides at 0.05 and 0.2 μg/g ranged from 46.6 to 119.6%, and coefficients of variation were 3.1-12.6%. The quantitation limits were 0.01-0.02 μg/g.View full abstractDownload PDF (366K) -
Mitsuo OISHI, Toshiharu MATSUDA, Shuko NOJIRI, Kazuo SAITO2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 104-109
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn HPLC method with fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of propyl gallate, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyani-sole), tert-butylhydroquinone and octyl gallate in edible oils and foods.
The antioxidants in edible oil were isolated directly with acetonitrile saturated with n-hexane. The antioxidants in food were extracted with ethyl acetate and the extract was concentrated under vacuum. They were isolated from the residue with acetonitrile saturated with n-hexane. The acetonitrile layer was centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 10 min. The HPLC separation was performed on a Symmetry C18 column (3.5 μm, 4.6 mm i.d.×150 mm) using a mixture of 5% acetic acid-acetonitrile-methanol (4 : 3 : 3, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and monitored by using a fluorescence detector with time programming. Sample peaks were identified by comparison of the fluorescence spectra with those of antioxidant standards. Average recoveries of fortified antioxidants at 100 μg/g were 72.1∼99.6%. Coefficients of variation were 0.7∼7.2%.View full abstractDownload PDF (479K) -
Keiko HIRATA, Yoko UEMATSU, Kumi SUZUKI, Kenji IIDA, Kunihiro KAMATA2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 110-113
Published: April 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analytical method was developed for lac color in diets fed to rats and in the feces, and the contents of lac color were determined. After lac color was extracted with 0.05% sodium carbonate and 50% ethanol containing 0.02% sodium lauryl sulfate from the diets and feces, the extracted color solutions were analyzed by HPLC.
The recoveries of lac color from diets spiked at 1.25, 5.00% and that from feces spiked at 5.00% were 85.6, 93.4% and 69.5%, respectively.
Contents of lac color in diets prepared to contain 1.25 and 5.00% were 1.1 and 5.2%, and dose levels were confirmed by these results. Contents of lac color in feces of male and female rats given lac color were 127.8 mg/g and 138.6 mg/g, respectively.
By comparing the HPLC chromatograms of laccaic acids in the diet with those in feces of rats, laccaic acid A, B, C and E were detected in both, and their content ratios were approximately determined.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K)
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