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Volume 47 (2006)
- Issue 6 Pages 243-
- Issue 5 Pages 201-
- Issue 4 Pages 137-
- Issue 3 Pages 89-
- Issue 2 Pages 33-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 47, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Originals
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Satoshi HASHIMOTO, Toshiyuki SUZUKI, Yuri SHIROTA, Motohisa HONMA, Yut ...2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 33-40
Published: April 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLipophilic toxins associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in scallops, Patinopecten yessoensis, collected in Hokkaido, Japan were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Pectenotoxin-6 (PTX6) and yessotoxin (YTX) were the dominant toxins in the scallops, although the percentages of these toxins were different depending on the production area or the sampling period. The quantitative results obtained for the scallops in LC/MS and in mouse bioassay (MBA) were compared. Fifty of the 55 samples found to be exceeding the local quarantine level (0.025 MU/g whole meat) in Hokkaido by LC/MS were quantified by MBA as being below the quarantine level. It is suggested that this discrepancy is due to poor detection of YTX by MBA. These results indicate that LC/MS is a better method than MBA in terms of sensitivity and accuracy to quantify known lipophilic toxins, including YTX.View full abstractDownload PDF (654K) -
Norinaga MIWA, Michiko KASHIWAGI, Fumihiko KAWAMORI, Takashi MASUDA, Y ...2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 41-45
Published: April 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe incidence and levels of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh)-positive organisms in retail seafood were determined. The most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) method using a PCR procedure targeting the species-specific thermolabile hemolysin gene (tlh) and tdh was used to determine the levels of V. parahaemolyticus and tdh-positive organisms, respectively.
In seafood for raw consumption, V. parahaemolyticus was found in four (13.3%) of 30 fish samples, 11 (55.0%) of 20 crustacean samples, and 29 (96.7%) of 30 mollusc samples. Levels of V. parahaemolyticus were below 104 MPN/100 g in all fish and crustacean samples tested. However, they were above 104 MPN/100 g in 11 (36.7%) of the 30 mollusc samples. In all seafood for raw consumption, the level of tdh-positive organisms was below the limit of detection (<30 MPN/100 g). In seafood for cooking, V. parahaemolyticus was found in 15 (75.0%) of 20 fish samples, nine (45.0%) of 20 crustacean sample, and 20 (100%) of 20 mollusc samples. Levels of V. para-haemolyticus were above 104 MPN/100 g in only three (15.0%) and one (5.0%) of the 20 fish and 20 crustacean samples, respectively. However, they were above 104 MPN/100 g in 18 (90.0%) of the 20 mollusc samples. In seven (35.0%) of the 20 mollusc samples, tdh-positive organisms were found and their levels ranged from 3.6×10 to 1.1×103 MPN/100 g. From four of seven tdh-positive samples, tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus was isolated.View full abstractDownload PDF (141K) -
Kouichi AKAKI, Kazuhiro HATANO2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 46-50
Published: April 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple and rapid method was developed for the analysis of tetrodotoxin in puffer-fish tissues, and in serum and urine of humans poisoned after consuming puffer-fish, by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Tetrodotoxin was extracted with 2% acetic acid. The extracted solution from puffer-fish tissues was diluted with water, and the extracted solution from human serum and urine was cleaned up by LC/MS/MS with a methacrylate-styrenedivinylbenzene cartridge. The LC separation was performed on a C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm i.d.) using 10 mmol/L IPCC-MS7-methanol (65 : 35) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mass spectral acquisition was done in the positive ion mode by applying selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The recoveries of tetrodotoxin were 79-90% from puffer-fish tissues fortified at 0.1 μg/g and 1 μg/g, and 93-101% from human serum and urine fortified at 0.5 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL. The detection limits of tetrodotoxin were 0.01 μg/g in puffer-fish tissues and 0.1 ng/mL in human serum and urine. Thirty samples of puffer-fish from wholesale markets, and 7 serum and 5 urine samples of humans poisoned after consuming puffer-fish were analyzed by this method. Tetrodotoxin was detected in all puffer-fish tissues, and all serum and urine samples at the levels of 0.04-140 μg/g, 0.9-1.8 ng/mL and 15-150 ng/mL, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (514K) -
Yoko KAWAMURA, Chie KAWASAKI, Sachika MINE, Motoh MUTSUGA, Kenichi TAN ...2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 51-57
Published: April 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLevels of eight harmful elements, i.e., antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium, were investigated in 45 baby toys and 10 paints, which were mainly made of polyvinyl chloride. All samples contained barium at levels of 0.3-3,700 mg/kg, several samples contained cadmium (0.2-26 mg/kg), chromium (0.5-280 mg/kg) and lead (1.5-1,300 mg/kg), and one sample contained antimony (5.3 mg/kg). They might have been used as colorants of the toy materials and paints. They were then evaluated using the migration test of ISO 8124-3, in which samples were ground up, and then soaked in 0.07 mol/L HCl at 37°C for two hours. Barium, cadmium, chromium and lead migrated from some of the samples, but at levels lower than the migration limits required by ISO 8124-3. Compared with the Japanese official method, the ISO method resulted in higher migration, but there are significant differences in the migration limits, test method, and so on between them. Further investigation is needed in this area.View full abstractDownload PDF (638K) -
Rie ISHII, Masakazu HORIE, Mitsunori MURAYAMA, Tamio MAITANI2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 58-65
Published: April 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA sensitive and selective method using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in honey and royal jelly. Mass spectral acquisition was performed in the negative mode by applying multiple reaction monitoring. In LC separation, Mightyl RP-18GP and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate-acetonitrile were used as the column and mobile phase, respectively. CAP in honey samples was diluted with water, while CAP in royal jelly was extracted with 1% metaphosphoric acid-methanol (4 : 6). The solutions were cleaned up with an Oasis HLB cartridge. The quantification limits of CAP in honey and royal jelly were 0.3 ng/g and 1.5 ng/g, respectively. The recoveries of CAP from both honey and royal jelly at the quantification limits were over 92%. Twenty honey products and seven royal jelly products were analyzed by the developed method. CAP was detected in one honey product at 0.6 ng/g and in six royal jelly products at the level of 1.5-17.8 ng/g. These results show that the developed method has satisfactory sensitivity selectivity and is useful for the determination of CAP residues in honey and royal jelly.View full abstractDownload PDF (1619K) -
Naoki MORISHITA, Eri AKIYAMA, Natsumi ARIKAWA, Tomomi IIDA, Kanako TAS ...2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 66-75
Published: April 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been mandatory to label five allergenic substances (AS; egg, milk, wheat, buckwheat and peanut) in all processed foods, since April 2002 in Japan. Two kinds of ELISA kits have been provided as screening test kits for the Japanese official method. The kits have many advantages but some disadvantages, i.e., the kits are not necessarily suitable for daily monitoring in food manufacturing plants, because they require various analytical equipments and the use of complicated procedures. To overcome these drawbacks, we have developed other diagnostic kits based on immunochromatography that should enable more rapid and simple screening for food allergens. Then we examined the performance of these immunochromatographic test kits (IC kits) in terms of sensitivity, repeatability and cross-reactivity to AS proteins in 11 kinds of food models with various heating conditions and physical properties. We also examined processed food models including AS protein of constant concentration, using the IC kits and ELISA kits, and compared the results. The IC kits detected AS proteins at 5 μg/g in the extracts from processed food models, and provided highly reproducible results. Cross-reactivity among the AS proteins was not observed. The results obtained using the IC kits showed performance equivalent to that of the ELISA kits we examined in unheating processed food models including AS proteins of constant concentration. The IC kits should be more suitable for daily monitoring in food manufacturing plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (938K)
Notes
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Naoki SUGIMOTO, Masanori KUROYANAGI, Takashi KATO, Kyoko SATO, Atsuko ...2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 76-79
Published: April 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSandarac resin, a natural gum base, is described as “a substance composed mainly of sandaracopimaric acid obtained from the secretion of sandarac trees” in the List of Existing Food Additives in Japan. To evaluate its quality as a food additive, the main constituents in a sandarac resin product were investigated. Three constituents were isolated and identified as sandaracopimaric acid, sandaracopimarinol and 4-epidehydroabietic acid by MS and 2D-NMR. Quantification of the main constituent, sandaracopimaric acid, was performed by HPLC and its content in the product was determined to be 11.6%.View full abstractDownload PDF (228K) -
Hiromi ONO, Hideyuki TAMURA, Yasuhiro YAMASHITA, Kouichi TAMURA, Keiko ...2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 80-84
Published: April 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe induction of chromosome aberration of Ca-type Garcinia cambogia extract containing about 65% (-)-hydroxycitric acid was investigated by use of the chromosome aberration test in cultured Chinese hamster lung cells (CHL/IU) and the micronucleus test in mice. In the chromosome aberration test, Ca-type Garcinia cambogia extract did not increase the number of cells with structural aberration and/or numerical aberrations.
The micronucleus test was carried out with bone marrow cells of Slc : ddY male mice after single oral administration of up to 2,000 μg/kg.
There was no significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. These results indicate that Ca-type Garcinia cambogia extract does not induce chromosome aberration.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K)
Report
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Narue SAKAMAKI, Mitsuo NAKAZATO, Hiroko MATSUMOTO, Kayo HAGINO, Kazuo ...2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 85-88
Published: April 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA survey of vitamin K contents was carried out on 41 aojiru products and 10 vegetable juice products that were purchased from local markets. Aojiru is a health food made from green vegetables such as kale, ashitaba, mulberry leaf, barley grass and the like. The products are usually provided in various forms, such as frozen, powder and tablet.
Vitamin K in samples was extracted with n-hexane, and separated on a C18 column with methanol-ethanol (95 : 5). After separation, vitamin K was converted to the hydroquinone form on a reduction column and determined with a fluorescence detector at λex 240 nm and λem 430 nm.
The contents of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) in frozen samples (n=8), powder samples (n=26) and tablet samples (n=7) were 90-190, 410-3,300, and 640-3,100 μg/100 g, respectively, and that in vegetable juice (n=10) was 1-12 μg/100 g. Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) was not detected. The daily intake of vitamin K from aojiru products was estimated to be 99-380, 20-250 and 27-210 μg/day for frozen, powder and tablet types, respectively. These results suggest that patients prescribed warfarin should take care about their intake of vitamin K from aojiru products.View full abstractDownload PDF (452K)
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