Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)
Online ISSN : 1882-1006
Print ISSN : 0015-6426
ISSN-L : 0015-6426
Volume 47, Issue 6
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
Originals
  • Yoko KAWAMURA, Shinji KANNO, Motoh MUTSUGA, Kenichi TANAMOTO
    2006 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 243-248
    Published: December 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A determination method for epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) in bottled foods was developed and used to survey bottled foods on the Japanese market. The amount of sample required was decreased to 20 g and the standard addition method was adopted for the quantification, because lipid in foods interrupted the hydrolysis of ESBO. The recoveries were 87.1 and 98.9% and the determination limit was 5.0 μg/g for a 20 g sample, be cause lipid in foods interupted the hydrolysis of ESBO. The recoveries using the internal standard method varied widely, because hydrolysis of the internal standard, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid ethyl ester, was affected more than that of ESBO by coexisting lipid in the sample. ESBO was not detected in any of the bottled baby food samples examined (14 samples), though it had been frequently detected in previous European surveys. This difference may be related to the low fat content and low fluidity of the bottled baby foods retailed in Japan. On the other hand, ESBO was detected at levels of 25.7-494.0 μg/g in liver paste, pasta sauce, Sungan in spicy oil, and spicy oil. These foods had higher fat content and higher fluidity. However, ESBO intake from these foods appears unlikely to exceed the TDI in the EU (1 mg/kg bw/day).
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  • Kenji FUJINUMA, Kazue TAKEBA, Kunihiro KAMATA
    2006 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 249-253
    Published: December 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The fasciolicides tribromsalan (TBS), oxyclozanide (OCZ) and bromofenofos (BFF) were orally administered to three lactating cows. The concentrations of TBS, OCZ and the BFF metabolite dephosphate bromofenofos (DBFF) in plasma, and the excretion of these compounds in milk were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.
    In plasma, the concentrations of TBS, OCZ and DBFF reached maximum at about 1.0 day and the compounds remained detectable until 5.7, 7.4 and 15.1 days after administration, respectively. The detection limits of these compounds in plasma were 10, 2 and 2 ppb, respectively.
    In milk, the concentrations of TBS, OCZ and DBFF reached maximum at about 24 hours and the compounds remained detectable until 30-47, 30-47 and 78-119 hours after administration, respectively. The detection limits of these compounds in milk were 5, 1 and 1 ppb, respectively.
    The residence times of TBS and BFF were very close to the withdrawal times of the fasciolicides.
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  • Noriko TAJIMA, Yasuharu MIZUNO, Kouko HAMAMOTO, Hidetoshi ARAKAWA, Mas ...
    2006 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 254-257
    Published: December 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new and simple analytical method for glycarbylamide (GB) based on the formation of nickel chelate was developed. The proposed method is as follows: sample solution is mixed with 0.08 mmol/L nickel nitrate in 0.2 mol/L carbonate buffer (pH 9.0), and the absorbance is measured at 290 nm. Under the optimal conditions, GB could be determined in the concentration range from 0.13 μg/mL to 2.6 μg/mL (r=0.9999). Using this method for HPLC post column reaction, GB levels in chicken liver extracts could be determined. The recovery of GB was 79.4% (RSD=2.6%, n=3) and the quantitation limit was 30 ng/g. The apparent molar extinction coefficient (ε) of the GB-nickel complex was 8.5×103. The molar ratio of the complex is GB : nickel ion=2 : 1.
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  • Takashi HORIUCHI, Katsuhide MINETOMATSU, Yasuharu MIZUNO, Tatsuro SEKI ...
    2006 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 258-262
    Published: December 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC method with ultraviolet detection has been developed for determination of metoclopramide (MCP) in bovine and swine muscle, liver, kidney, fat and intestine. MCP was extracted from samples with acetonitrile, and the extracts were cleaned up on an Oasis HLB cartridge (60 mg) after liquid-liquid extraction. The limit of detection of MCP was 0.002 μg/g and the limit of quantitation was 0.007 μg/g. Recoveries of MCP spiked at 0.03 ppm ranged from 74.1 to 93.3% for bovine tissues and from 86.1 to 92.7% for swine tissues. The present method was used for the analysis of bovine and swine tissues 1 day after withdrawal following drug administration. The MCP concentrations in all tissues were lower than the Japanese provisional MRLs.
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  • Akihiro YAMAGUCHI, Kaori SHIMIZU, Takashi MISHIMA, Hideki HATTORI, Shi ...
    2006 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 263-267
    Published: December 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A simple and rapid detection of short tandem repeat (STR) markers was studied as a screening test for individual identification of cattle. DNAs were extracted from eight commercial beef samples by a proteinase K-boil method followed by purification with 2-propanol precipitation. Five STR markers, known to be highly polymorphic, were amplified by PCR and analyzed both by a conventional sequencing analysis (SEQ) and by a proposed microchip electrophoresis (MEP). Every marker revealed high polymorphism, such as 5-9 alleles in SEQ analysis, and 4-6 alleles in MEP analysis. This simple and rapid MEP analysis is expected to be an effective screening tool with use of confirmatory SEQ analysis.
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  • Ayako SAKAI, Yukie OZEKI, Yosuke SASAKI, Chihiro SUZUKI, Yasuko MASUI, ...
    2006 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 268-276
    Published: December 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Molecular approaches are being developed to provide for the rapid and objective identification of fungi. We attempted the identification of Fusarium species by a genetic analysis to validate practically the utility of a molecular approach for fungal identification and to reveal its limitations, and sequenced three regions, the 5' end of the 28S rRNA gene (D2 region) and the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) regions, in the rRNA genes. The DNA sequences of 38 Fusarium strains isolated from domestic unpolished rice were compared for similarity with entries in the GenBank. Based on this comparison, it was estimated that all these three regions, as a minimum, must be compared with the database to identify Fusaria at the species level. According to the combinations of sequences in the three regions, the 38 isolates were classified into 13 groups. Out of the 13 groups, 6 groups (20 isolates in total) could be identified as definite species based only on the sequence data. For the other 6 groups (17 isolates in total), candidate species were limited on the basis of the sequence similarity, and then the isolates were identified at the species level with the aid of morphology. Only one isolate could not be identified. These results verified that DNA sequence comparison with the GenBank database is useful for the identification of Fusarium species.
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  • Rie ISHII, Masakazu HORIE, Mitsunori MURAYAMA, Tamio MAITANI
    2006 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 277-283
    Published: December 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A simple and accurate method using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed for the determination of tetracyclines (TCs), i.e., oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and tetracycline (TC), in honey and royal jelly. Mass spectral acquisition was performed in the positive mode. In LC separation, L-column ODS and 0.01% formic acid-acetonitrile were used as the column and mobile phase, respectively. TCs in a honey sample were diluted with water, while TCs in royal jelly were extracted with 2% metaphosphoric acid-methanol (6 : 4). They were cleaned up with Oasis HLB and Sep Pak C18 cartridges, respectively. The quantification limits of TC, OTC, and CTC were 5, 5, and 10 ng/g, respectively, while those in royal jelly were 25, 25, and 50 ng/g, respectively. The recoveries of TCs from both honey and royal jelly were 75-120%.
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Note
  • Kyoji YOSHINO, Naoki HIGASHI, Kunimasa KOGA
    2006 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 284-287
    Published: December 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The preventive effects of acidic xylooligosaccharide prepared from xylan of corncobs and related sugars on stress-induced gastric inflammation in mice were investigated. Oral administration of acidic xylooligosaccharide and hydrocortisone at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the number of bleeding points in the gastric mucosa of mice loaded with cold-restraint stress. Acidic xylooligosaccharide showed concentration-dependent superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity at concentrations of 3.3-4.3 mg/mL and its IC50 was 3.5 mg/mL, although this value is approximately six times that of quercetin. The antioxidant activity of acidic xylooligosaccharide could contribute, in part, to its suppressive activities on stress-induced mouse gastritis. Xylose, xylobiose, xylan, and glucuronic acid showed no significant suppressive activities on mouse gastric inflammation at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. These results suggest that an appropriate degree of polymerization of xylan (larger than trimer) is necessary for the activities of acidic xylooligosaccharide.
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Reports
  • Hiroshi FUJIKAWA, Kazuyoshi YANO, Satoshi MOROZUMI, Bon KIMURA, Tateo ...
    2006 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 288-292
    Published: December 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A predictive program for microbial growth under various temperature conditions was developed with a mathematical model. The model was a new logistic model recently developed by us. The program predicts Escherichia coli growth in broth, Staphylococcus aureus growth and its enterotoxin production in milk, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth in broth at various temperature patterns. The program, which was built with Microsoft Excel (Visual Basic Application), is user-friendly; users can easily input the temperature history of a test food and obtain the prediction instantly on the computer screen. The predicted growth and toxin production can be important indices to determine whether a food is microbiologically safe or not. This program should be a useful tool to confirm the microbial safety of commercial foods.
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  • Yasuharu MIZUNO, Takashi HORIUCHI, Tatsuro SEKIYA, Noriko TAZIMA, Masa ...
    2006 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 293-296
    Published: December 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A newly developed HPLC method for determination of glycarbylamide (GB) in chicken liver was applied to other tissues (muscle, fat and kidney). The recoveries of GB in muscle, fat and kidney were 87.2% (CV 0.5), 91.3% (CV 4.7), 79.7% (CV 1.0), respectively. The detection limit of GB was 0.01 ppm. GB concentrations were determined by this method in tissues (muscle, fat, liver and kidney) from chickens sacrificed 5 days after oral administration of GB mixed in feed at 60 mg/kg of feed for 7 days. GB was not detected in these chicken tissues.
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  • Mami OGIMOTO, Yoko UEMATSU, Junichiro KABASHIMA, Kumi SUZUKI, Koichi I ...
    2006 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 296-301
    Published: December 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Contents of minerals (Mg, Ca, Na and K), anions (SO42-, Br- and Cl-) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg and As) were determined in 17 commercial samples of Nigari, 15 samples of crude magnesium chloride (sea water) products as a food additive and 2 magnesium-containing foods. Obtained values were compared with the specifications proposed in a draft of the eighth edition of Japan's Specifications and Standards for Food Additives. Out of 15 food additive samples, only 5 samples satisfied the specification. Since the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) proposed to lower the limits of heavy metals in food additives, a simple method was developed for the determination of low levels of Pb and Cd by extracting chelates of these metals with organic solvents. The quantification limits for Pb and Cd were 0.5 μg/g and 0.05 μg/g, respectively. It was estimated from the SO42-/Ca ratios that 15 samples were sea water evaporation products, and the remaining 2 were ion-exchange membrane process products. No pollution with heavy metals was found in any of the samples.
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